Browsing by Author "Gibson, Catherine, juhendaja"
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Item Baltic States identity through banal nationalism: postage stamp iconography analysis(Tartu Ülikool, 2023) Gomankov, Gleb; Gibson, Catherine, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituutThis paper researches the reflection of nation-based discourses and national symbolism in the postage iconography of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the perspective of banal nationalism practices. There are two main research questions this paper seeks to answer. The first one is: What are the main postage stamp iconography themes used to construct and popularize the national discourses of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania? For that, a database consisting of 3069 stamps issued by Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania between 1918-1940 and 1991-2018 was analyzed, applying Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis to postage imagery and the official catalog inscription. The dominant patterns revealed common practices of banal nationalism in the selected states. The results revealed that national coats of arms remained a continuous trend in national symbolism manifestation in all states, also covering the subnational level of municipalities and cities. In addition, authoritarian regimes affected the iconography patterns, elevating the leader's role in collective memory. In contemporary practices, discourses became more inclusive at the subnational level by introducing new patterns of commemoration of people, heritage, and anniversaries. The second question is: how political developments within the state and participation in supranational organizations affected the postage stamps iconography of the Baltics States concerning national, regional, and European scales? The finding shows that authoritarian regimes emphasized the role of the leader and boasted the nation's pride via celebrations of independence accompanied by constant reminders of the collective trauma the Independence wars left. The new developments emphasized the inclusion of subnational symbolism in postage iconography alongside the promotion of European integrity and shared regional heritage.Item Tengrism as a lived religion in Kazakhstan and its role in national identity building(Tartu Ülikool, 2022) Scripka, Abigail; Ibadildin, Nygmet, juhendaja; Gibson, Catherine, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituutTengrism has slowly been experiencing a revival in Turkic countries across the world, most notably in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia. This thesis seeks to explore the connection between Tengrism in Kazakhstan, national identity, and the theory of lived religion in order to better understand the relationship between this ancient religion and the people. This thesis relies on theoretical and historical frameworks along with an online survey, which was disseminated amongst 18-30 year olds living in Almaty. It consists of multiple choice, scaled, and short response questions. These responses have been coded in order to understand how this data supports, or denies, the framing of lived religion in Kazakhstan and whether or not Tengrism has a role in Kazakh national identity. It additionally explores the themes of promotion of the religion by both the media and potentially the government. The thesis is broken into seven chapters (Introduction, Literature Review, Theoretical Framework, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion). This work is an exploratory study looking to fill the gap in research surrounding the study of Tengrism in both Kazakhstan but also as a cultural phenomenon rather than the traditional research. Through my survey, this research has found the deep-rooted role of Tengrism within Kazakh culture and in the role of identity amongst young Kazakhstanis, additionally has looked at the intersection of Islamic and Tengri traditions and their roles in Kazakhstani national identity.Item “There cannot be a free body when the soul is in captivity”: religion and national identity in three Ukrainian presidents’ rhetoric, 2010-2022(Tartu Ülikool, 2023) Walker, Daniel William John; Osypchuk, Anna, juhendaja; Gibson, Catherine, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituutThe ongoing full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has sparked a global interest in Ukraine. Whilst there is extensive scholarship on the relationship between religion, politics and national identity in Ukraine, there is a lack of synthesised, comparative and process-tracing work on how an incumbent’s religious politics is influenced by their predecessor(s) or how they may influence their successor(s). This thesis examines how three Ukrainian presidents – Viktor Yanukovych, Petro Poroshenko and Volodymyr Zelenskyy – have used religious ideas and rhetoric as part of their political agendas and to support their ideas of Ukrainian national identity. This thesis uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyse presidential speeches, through which a process is traced mapping the development of religious politics in Ukraine across the three presidencies. Using this method, the thesis argues that religion in Ukraine is intertwined with nationalism and that the influence of religion on politics and national identity is itself influenced by other factors, i.e. geopolitical developments. The use of religious rhetoric by the current president, Zelenskyy, demonstrates the continuing influence of religion in Ukrainian politics, from which avenues for further research can be proposed.