Browsing by Author "Kiive, Evelyn"

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Association of orexin/hypocretin receptor gene (HCRTR1) with reward sensitivity, and interaction with gender
(Elsevier, 2020) Pulver, Aleksander; Kiive, Evelyn; Harro, Jaanus; Kanarik, Margus
Orexins/hypocretins maintain wakefulness, increase appetite and participate in the coordination of stress response. We have recently provided evidence on the role of orexins in aggression, showing the association of the HCRTR1 genotype. (rs2271933 G > A; leading to amino acid substitution Ile408Val) with aggressiveness or breach of law in four independent cohorts. Aggressive behaviour can be reward driven and hence we have examined the association of HCRTR1 rs2271933 genotype with different aspects of reward sensitivity in the birth cohort representative Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. HCRTR1 genotype was associated with reward sensitivity in a gender dependent manner. Male HCRTR1 A/A homozygotes had higher Openness to Rewards and the overall reward sensitivity score while, in contrast, female A/A homozygotes scored lower than G-allele carriers in Openness to Rewards. In the total sample, aggressiveness correlated positively with reward sensitivity, but this was on account of Insatiability by Reward. In contrast, the HCRTR1 A/A homozygotes had a positive association of aggressiveness and Openness to Rewards. Experience of stressful life events had a small but significant increasing effect on both aspects of reward sensitivity, and correlated in an anomalous way with reward sensitivity in the HCRTR1 A/A homozygotes. Conclusively, the higher aggressiveness of HCRTR1 A/A homozygotes appears based on a qualitative difference in sensitivity to rewards, in the form that suggests their lower ability to prevent responses to challenges being converted into overt aggression.
Attention distractibility trait associations with self-reported attention deficit and with variation in KTN1 gene
(2018-08-28) Tuvi, Iiris; Harro, Jaanus; Kiive, Evelyn; Bachmann, Talis
Erivajadustega õppijad Eesti haridussüsteemis: märkamine, hindamine ja õpetamine
(Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2024-10-31) Kiive, Evelyn; Schults, Astra; Kõrgesaar, Jaan; Karindi, Maili; Malva, Liina; Ülviste, Anna Maria; Mõttus, Kaidi; Kaljuste, Kairi; Pastarus, Kaja; Kontor, Ana; Erg, Ly; Treial, Kristiina; Adov, Liina; Karm, Mari; Jürjen, Tõnu; Malleus-Kotšegarov, Elina; Padrik, Marika; Hallap, Merit; Kiiver, Kati; Kikas, Eve; Koolmeister, Margit; Pruulmann, Katrin; Männamaa, Mairi; Plado, Kaja; Soodla, Piret; Kivirähk-Koor, Triin; Sõukand, Eija; Palgi, Kristel; Zimmer, Piret; Ojaste, Anneli; Loit, Raili; Kuusk, Ragne; Veispak, Anneli; Trasberg, Karmen; Põlda, Halliki; Kivikas, Merje; Lokko, Liina; Aavik, Anu; Maasikas, Liine; Hanga, Karin; Häidkind, Pille; Soodla, Piret
Ühiskond koosneb erinevatest inimestest ning meil kõigil on võime areneda ja õppida. Käesolev õpik-käsiraamat keskendub õppijatele, kes vajavad oma eripärade tõttu eakaaslastega võrreldes suuremaid kohandusi keskkonnas ja/või õpetamises. Antakse ülevaade, milliseid tingimusi erivajadustega õppijad alusharidusest kutseõppeni vajavad ning kuidas valida neile võimetekohast õppesisu. Õpiku koostamisel tegid tihedat koostööd Tartu Ülikooli ja Tallinna Ülikooli õppejõud ning kogenud praktikud üle Eesti. Õpik on suunatud eelkõige eripedagoogika eriala üliõpilastele, kuid on kasulik käsiraamat ka teistele spetsialistidele, õpetajatele ja lapsevanematele.
Is low platelet MAO activity associated with antisocial behavior? Evidence from representative samples of longitudinally observed birth cohorts
(2023) Sakala, Katre; Katus, Urmeli; Kiive, Evelyn; Veidebaum, Toomas; Harro, Jaanus
Lower platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been associated with problem behaviors, including criminal behavior, but not all studies agree. We have examined platelet MAO activity and antisocial behavior involving police contact in a longitudinal birth cohort study. The sample included both birth cohorts (original n = 1238) of the Estonian Children Personality Behavior and Health Study. Platelet MAO activity was measured at ages 15, 18 and 25 radioenzymatically with ß-phenylethylamine as the substrate. Police contacts were self-reported in an interview and drug use in a questionnaire filled in during a laboratory visit. In cross-sectional analyses, males with the record of antisocial behavior had lower platelet MAO activity. In longitudinal mixed-effect regression models, this association was found to be independent of smoking. Furthermore, including smoking in the model revealed lower platelet MAO activity also in females with past antisocial behaviour. A further exploratory regression analysis with antisocial behavior at two levels of frequency and consideration of self-reported use of illicit drugs either in a single occasion or repeatedly demonstrated some "dose-dependency" in the relationship of antisocial behavior and platelet MAO activity. Platelet MAO activity was lower in male but not female subjects with basic education level as compared to secondary and higher education, but it was not related to non-verbal intelligence. Neither was platelet MAO activity associated with socio- economic status. In conclusion, antisocial behavior as occurring in general population is associated with low platelet MAO activity that probably reflects low capacity of the serotonergic system.
Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A 6‐year cohort study
(2020-12-20) Muntaner Mas, Adrià; Ortega, Francisco B.; Femia, Pedro; Kiive, Evelyn; Evelyn, Diva; Mäestu, Jarek; Franke, Barbara; Reif, Andreas; Faraone, Stephen V.; Harro, Jaanus
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in childhood and identifying risk factors associated with developing ADHD during childhood and adolescence is relevant from a clinical and epidemiological point of view. This work examines (1) whether overweight/obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased ADHD symptoms in childhood (cross sectional analysis), and (2) whether overweight/obesity and low CRF levels during childhood predict increased ADHD symptoms in adolescence (longitudinal analysis). Data were examined from a longitudinal study of Estonian inhabitants who took part in the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) in 1998 and 1999 (baseline age 9 years), who were re-evaluated 6 years later as part of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). CRF was determined via an incremental maximal cycle-ergometer test, overweight/obesity was based on body mass index (BMI), and the 7-point af Klinteberg Hyperactivity Scale was used to assess ADHD symptoms at both time points. In the cross-sectional analysis, children with overweight/obesity were at greater risk of ADHD symptoms compared to underweight/normal-weight children, as were those unfit compared to fit children (OR=1.92 and 95%CI=1.02–3.55, and OR=1.84 and 95%CI=1.13–2.98, respectively). The cross-sectional association between BMI and ADHD symptoms was mediated by CRF (z=2.116, 42.9%; p=0.034). The longitudinal analysis showed being unfit in childhood was associated with a greater risk of increased ADHD symptoms 6 years later in adolescence (OR=2.26 and 95%CI=1.14–4.47), even after adjusting for baseline ADHD symptoms and BMI. Our result suggests that being unfit is an additional risk factor for increased ADHD symptoms during childhood and adolescence. The association between BMI and ADHD symptoms was mediated by CRF in the cross-sectional analysis and no association was seen between overweight/obesity and increased ADHD symptoms.
Nice guys: Homozygocity for the TPH2 -703G/T (rs4570625) minor allele promotes low aggressiveness and low anxiety
(2017) Laas, Kariina; Kiive, Evelyn; Mäestu, Jarek; Vaht, Mariliis; Veidebaum, Toomas; Harro, Jaanus
Background: Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin. We examined whether the TPH2 polymorphism -703G/T (rs4570625) is associated with aggressiveness and impulsivity, and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, in a population-representative sample. Methods: We used self and proxy reports on aggressive behaviour in the younger birth cohort of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality, Behaviour and Health Study collected at age 25, and earlier collected impulsivity and related data of both ECPBHS cohorts. Results: The TT homozygous males reported less aggressive behaviour in the Life History of Aggression interview at age 25. They also had significantly lower scores in Illinois Bully Scale peer reports, and less ADHD symptoms rated by teachers both at ages 9 and 15. The TT homozygotes of both sexes had the lowest Maladaptive Impulsivity at ages 18 and 25, and the highest Adaptive Impulsivity at age 25. The TT homozygotes also had low depressiveness and trait anxiety by age 25, and the odds ratio for the prevalence of anxiety disorders was 9.38 for the G-allele carriers. Limitations: The main limitation of the study is the naturally occurring low number of subjects with the TT genotype. Conclusions: Subjects with the TPH2 rs4570625 TT genotype, especially males, exhibit less aggression and a favourable impulsivity profile, and develop anxiety disorders by young adulthood less often.
Reward sensitivity, affective neuroscience personality, symptoms of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, and TPH2-703G/T (rs4570625) genotype
(Cambridge University Press, 2020) Pulver, Aleksander; Kiive, Evelyn; Harro, Jaanus
Objective: Reward sensitivity is an increasingly used construct in psychiatry, yet its possible inner structure and relationship with other affective variables are not well known. Methods: A reward sensitivity measurement scale was constructed on the basis of large item pool collected from birth cohort representative samples (the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study; original n = 1238). Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were administered in young adulthood. A variant (rs4570625) of the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) that is responsible for the synthesis of central serotonin was genotyped. Results: Reward sensitivity consisted of two orthogonal components, operationally defined as Openness to Rewards and Insatiability by Reward, that respectively characterise the striving towards multiple rewards and the strong pursuit and fixation to a particular reward. While SEEKING and PLAY (and to lower extent CARE) of the ANPS co-varied with Openness to Rewards, FEAR, SADNESS, and ANGER were related to Insatiability by Reward. The total score of ASRS was moderately correlated with Insatiability by Reward, while the association with Openness to Rewards was negligible. However, ASRS Inattention had some negative relationship with the Social Experience facet of Openness to Rewards. The T/T homozygotes for the TPH2 promoter polymorphism had lower Insatiability by Reward but not Openness to Rewards. Conclusions: Behaviours sensitive to rewards are separable to the components of variability and fixation, and these components are differentially related to affective aspects of personality, attention, and hyperactivity as well as to TPH2 genotype.
Studies on peripheral markers of central serotonergic activity and behaviour
(2005) Kiive, Evelyn; Harro, Jaanus, juhendaja
Tunne iseennast: praktiline sissejuhatus individuaalsete erinevuste psühholoogiasse
(2010-01-08T09:05:06Z) Must, Olev; Must, Aasa; Kenn, Konstabel; Täht, Karin; Kiive, Evelyn; Kreegipuu, Kairi
BeSt programmi toetusel loodud e-kursuse "Tunne iseennast: praktiline sissejuhatus individuaalsete erinevuste psühholoogiasse" õppematerjalid