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Universitas Tartuensis : UT : Tartu Ülikooli ajakiri 2009 nr 8
(Tartu : Tartu Ülikool, 2009-10) Merisalu, Merilyn, toimetaja
Valgustusideede mõju Tartu arhitektuurikultuurile 19. sajandi alguses
(2009-10-01T06:54:55Z) Tohvri, Epi
Käesoleva väitekirja üheks eesmärgiks on kindlaks teha Tartu ülikooli hoonestuse väljaehitamise ideelised allikad, arvestades Euroopa valgustusajastu teadusloo konteksti. Uurimistöös on näidatud Euroopa valgustusideede leviku võimalikke kommunikatsiooniviise: kelle kaudu ja kuidas ideed meie piirkonda jõudsid ning mis ulatuses need kohapeal ellu viidi. Käesolev uurimistöö väidab, et ülikooliansambli arhitektuurilise lahenduse väljatöötamise juures väärib J. W. Krause kõrval esile tõstmist ülikooli esimene rektor Georges-Frédéric Parrot, kellel oli Tartu ülikooli taasavamisel oluline roll mitte ainult teadlase ja administraatori, vaid ka valgustusajastu juhtivate teadus- ja haridusideede vahendaja ning generaatorina, mõjutades seeläbi oluliselt ülikooli hoonestu kujunemist. Valgustusajastu üheks läbivaks teemaks oli elukeskkondade parendamise küsimus. Tartu ülikooli filosoofia osakonnas asutati ökonoomia, tehnoloogia, metsanduse ja tsiviilehituskunsti õppetool, mille esimeseks professoriks valiti J. W. Krause. Väitekirjas uuritakse selle õppetooli asutamise eesmärke ja õppekava suundasid, keskendudes ehituskunstialase hariduse andmisele aastail 1803–1828, kui J. W. Krause seda õppetooli juhtis. 19. sajandi esimesel poolel toimus Tartu linnaruumi väljaehitamine ülevenemaaliste tüüpfassaadide alusel. Kui varasem kunstikirjutus on näinud 19. sajandi alguses kehtestatud ehitusnõuetes Vene impeeriumi keskvõimu sekkumist siinsesse ehitustraditsiooni ning fassaadinäidiste kogumikke on peetud kunstiliselt madalatasemelisteks, siis käesolevas uurimistöös selgub, et tüüpfassaadide eeskujudeks oli Suurbritannia ja Prantsusmaa juhtivate arhitektide looming ning tüüpehitus vastas üle-euroopalikele valgustusajastu linnaehituslikele printsiipidele.
Etiopathogenetic aspects of chronic prostatitis: role of mycoplasmas, coryneform bacteria and oxidative stress
(2009-10-01T12:42:28Z) Türk, Silver
The dissertation elucidates the causes and mechanisms behind chronic prostatitis. Of potential causes, the dissertation focuses upon mycoplasmas and coryneform bacteria that are not detected during routine analyses. Of disease mechanisms, the dissertation focuses upon oxidative stress, a likely propagator of the disease. Coryneforms form an important part of urogenital polymicrobial community in both healthy men and prostatitis patients but in patients a clearly wider spectrum of the species is present in the urogenital tract. Urogenital tract coryneforms are often resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracyclin and common anti-prostatitis drug norfloxacin while these bacteria were always or virtually always susceptible to penicillins and TMP/SMX. There were differences in species composition of mycoplasmas as well. The species that most clearly associated with prostatitis were Ureaplasma parvum and Corynebacterium group G. In prostatitis patients, oxidative stress is present both locally and systemically and it consists of not only increased levels of oxidation products and pro-oxidants but reduced antioxidant levels as well. In the discussion part of the dissertation, there is a proposed scheme of pathogenesis where oxidative stress is used to tie the well-known pathogenetic mechanisms (infectious, autoimmune and neuromuscular) together into a pathogenetic circle.
Oskar Masing und die Geschichte des Deutschbaltischen Wörterbuchs
(2009-10-01T13:08:55Z) Bender, Reet
Die deutsche Sprache im Baltikum als die Sprache einer deutschsprechenden Oberschicht hat eine lange Geschichte, die in die Zeit der Kreuzzüge und der Ostkolonisation der Deutschen zurückreicht. Im Laufe einer jahrhundertelangen Entwicklung bildete sich im Baltikum eine auf einer hanseatischen niederdeutschen Schicht basierende und durch estnische, lettische, schwedische, französische und russische Einflüsse bereicherte Variation des Hochdeutsch heraus, die hier bis zur Umsiedlung aller baltischen Deutschen nach Deutschland zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges im Jahre 1939 bestand. Die Erforschung des baltischen Deutsch begann schon im Zuge der Aufklärung (Bergmann, Hupel) und wurde im 19. und 20. Jh. fortgesetzt (Sallmann, Gutzeit, Suolahti, Ojansuu, Kiparsky, Masing, Mitzka, Hentrich, Schönfeldt). Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurden in Riga (Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde) und Dorpat/Tartu (Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft) zwei Wörterbuchausschüsse in Leben gerufen, um ein wissenschaftliches, die ganze bisherige Forschung umfassendes Deutschbaltisches Wörterbuch zusammenzustellen. Im Laufe der Zeit verschlief die Wörterbucharbeit in Dorpat und nach einem sog. Wörterbuchstreit 1927−1928 wurde die Tätigkeit nur von dem Rigaer Ausschuss getragen. Den Rigaer Ausschuss leitete Oskar Masing (1874−1947), Germanistikprofessor des Herder-Instituts, der durch die Beteiligung des Wörterbuchunternehmens am Kartell der deutschen Dialektwörterbücher in der zweiten Hälfte der 1930er Jahre aus Deutschland auch finanzielle Unterstützung erhielt und das Manuskript 1939 fast druchreif werden ließ. Fast die ganze, äußerst umfangreiche Arbeit, ging im Krieg verloren. Ein erneuter Versuch, das Wörterbuch zusammenzustellen, wurde in den 1950er Jahren in Deutschland von Walther Mitzka und Alfred Schönfeldt gemacht. Leider blieb auch dieses Wörterbuchunternehmen unvollendet und das gesammelte, umfangreiche Material befindet sich seit 2005 im Archiv des Herder-Instituts – des zentralen Forschungsinstituts für Ostmitteleuropaforschung – in Marburg.
Estonian young people, religion and religious diversity: personal views and the role of the school
(2009-10-02T05:14:15Z) Schihalejev, Olga
The aim of the thesis is to explore the attitudes of 14-16 years old Estonian students Estonia to religion and religious diversity, to explore their views on the role of the school in promoting dialogue and tolerance among representatives of different worldviews, and to investigate in which ways religious education alters their views on these issues. The research was done in the framework of constructive epistemology using a sequential exploratory strategy and employing a mixed methods’ approach for the empirical studies. Three relevant empirical studies are presented. The qualitative and the quantitative study investigated the views held by students about religion and religious diversity. Studies of classroom interaction of religious education classes in two contrasting schools explored the patterns of interaction used in the classroom situation. A video–ethnographic data collection method was combined with stimulated recall. Incident-analysis stemming from conversational analysis was used to interpret the data. The study reveals that experience of religious education may contribute to more open attitudes among students both with religious and secular worldviews. Possibilities to promote dialogue between different worldviews are hindered by teacher centered pedagogical context. Grounded in the findings of the empirical studies dialogical pedagogies for non-confessional approaches to religious education are examined and policies for strengthening active tolerance in the context of school in Estonia are discussed. Although knowledge about religions is an important prerequisite for mutual understanding it is not sufficient. Reflective and emphatic approach and contacts with representatives of different worldviews and religions are needed for promotion of active tolerance.
Eros & Mysticism : Are Mystical States of Consciousness Evolutionary Byproducts of Sexual Response?
(2009-10-02T05:27:14Z) Karo, Roland
The topic of the thesis is a speculative argument developed by Eugene G. d’Aquili, an American psychiatrist, and Andrew B. Newberg, a radiologist, in their pioneering book Why God Won’t Go Away (New York, Ballantine Books, 2002). The kernel of Newberg and d’Aquili’s argument is that when it comes to the human capacity to enter mystical states of consciousness, then (at least on the level of neural functioning) it should be thought of as an evolutionary byproduct, a secondary application of the neural “machinery” that originally evolved in connection with sexual response (in general) and orgasm (in particular). The dissertation is aimed at (a) clarifying – in the light of contemporary neuroscientific and other relevant data – to what extent can the argument in question be taken seriously, (b) developing it into a testable scholarly hypothesis capable of accounting for the more or less obvious links between sexuality and mystical religiosity noted by several thinkers (e.g., Rhawn Joseph), (c) analyzing how one should interpret the implications of the hypothesis from the viewpoint of religion and theology. The analysis is multidisciplinary and belongs to the field of Religion and Science.
Study of negative glow and positive column regions of capillary HF discharge
(2009-10-02T06:43:34Z) Raud, Jüri
In the present thesis excitation mechanisms of helium atoms and ionization mechanisms of nitrogen molecules in He / N2 mixtures of y-mode HF capillary discharge were studied. Two discharge regions- negative glow and positive column were under investigation. Experiments were carried out at middle pressures, N2 fraction was varied in 0 - 0.5% range. From electrical parameters i-u characteristics at different N2 concentrations were recorded and phase shift between i and u was determined. On the basis of results of electrical measurements the electron density was calculated and the electric field strength in the positive column was determined. Discharge spectra as a function of discharge current, total pressure and N2 concentration were recorded. On the basis of spectral measurements the concentration of He metastable state atoms and the rotational temperature of N2+(B) state were calculated. Experimental results allowed to clarify the dominating He excitation and N2 ionization mechanisms. In the negative glow region: (i)He is excited dominantly via He2+ recombination in reactions He2+ + e -> He* + He and He2+ + e + He -> He2* + He -> He* + 2He; (ii) N2+ ions are produced mainly via charge transfer reaction, He2+ + N2 -> N2+ + 2He. In the positive column region: (i) He excitation occurs mainly via electron impact with metastable state He atom Hem, Hem + e -> He* + e; (ii) N2 ionization occurs in Penning reaction, Hem + N2 -> N2+ + He.
Applications of mischmetal in organic synthesis
(2009-10-02T07:15:47Z) Vellemäe, Eerold
Thus, main goal of this doctoral thesis was to investigate usability of the MM as a main reagent in various applications in the organic synthesis, where MM has been activated with easily available activators with simple, reproducible and cheap procedure. During our studies we found that MM remains inert without some kind of activation prior to the reaction and trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) and TiCl4 were found to be the best activators for our purposes. In the pinacol coupling of imines we demonstrated that when using MM for the pinacol coupling of imines the corresponding reaction occurred only in the THF and the presence of small amounts of water was requited for successful reaction. Without water no reaction occurred. This is an interesting fact, because in the other studies where only MM has been investigated, the water interfered the reaction. Appling MM in the Reformatsky-type reaction with azo-compounds was found that the desired reaction did not occur for any of the studied azo-substrates. Instead of the Reformatsky-type addition product complex mixtures and simple hyrdazines or their silylated forms were formed in the reaction. In our investigations of the cleavage of the Troc and Tos protective groups from the wide range of substrates we employed TMSCl/MM or TiCl4/MM system in dry THF. The removal of the Troc group was fast and very selective, even in the presence of other reactive moieties in the target molecule. We also discovered that the cleavage rate of the Troc group can be influenced by the adjacent functional groups. Similar phenomenon was also observed for the case of the Tos group. In order to cleave the Tos protecting group with the best possible results, the TiCl4 had to be used instead of the TMSCl for the MM activation. However, use of TiCl4 lowered selectivity of the reaction, leading to the cleavage of protecting groups present in the substrate alongside the Tos group. In summary, we have described several new applications of MM in several different reactions. During our work we proved that MM could be successfully applied in the organic synthesis as a main reagent without using expensive reagents.
Põdrala valla institutsioonid 1944-1950
(2009-10-05T13:24:13Z) Ritsoson, Helena
Manifestations of organizational culture based on the example of Estonian organizations
(2009-10-06T08:12:27Z) Reino, Anne
Organizational culture enables explaining the essence and meaning of the organization. The relevance of organizational culture topic is important in unpredictable and rapidly changing economic conditions, where the human side of organizations may be critical for their survival. The aim of the present dissertation was to outline regularities and patterns in manifestations of organizational culture using the example of Estonian organizations. The author of the dissertation analyzed what kinds of connections exist between the types of organizational culture in Estonian organizations and how national culture and industry influence organizational culture. Also the impact of organizational age and size on the patterns of organizational culture was analyzed in the dissertation. Empirical research brought out several regularities in the manifestation of organizational culture. Those regularities were discussed in the context of Estonia. The analysis of organizational culture on the basis of the Competing Values Framework brought out positive relationship between the types of organizational culture. The finding demonstrates that although certain types of organizational culture encompass antagonistic values on theoretical grounds, those values tend to coexist in organizations. Therefore, organizational culture should be approached as a continuum, where changes in some aspects bring along changes in other aspects of organizational culture.. The analysis demonstrated similarities in patterns of organizational culture in Estonian organizations – it became evident that those types of organizational culture that value stability and control were dominant in the patterns of organizational culture. Findings showed that the impact of the industry where the organization operated was a significant factor that influenced organizational culture of the particular organization; moreover the impact of the industry may be even more important compared to the influence of national culture. The research could not confirm the effect of organizational age on the patterns of organizational culture. The results of the current research indicated that organizational age did not predict patterns of organizational culture. This finding may be related to the context of transitional countries because due to the radical changes in society and considering the impact of those changes on organizations the distinction between old and new organizations is blurred. Unlike organizational age, the research revealed the impact of organizational size on organizational culture. The dissertation contributed to the analysis of organizational culture and the findings from the study could be taken into account when planning managerial actions.
Kaks sügist ühe hoobiga.
(Maaleht, 2009-10-08) Kallis, A.
Farmakoloogia
(2009-10-12T12:21:25Z) Kalda, Anti
BeSt programmi toetusel loodud e-kursuse eessmärgiks on anda kehakultuuri teaduskonna füsioteraapia magistriõppe üliõpilastele baasteadmiseid ravimite ja mürkide toimest inimorganismile. Kursuse edukalt läbinud üliõpilased omavad teadmisi farmakoloogia üldmõistetest ja ravimtoime printsiipidest; omavad teavet erinevatest ravimvormidest ja ravimite manustamise viisidest; teavad olulisemaid ravimite gruppe ja ravimeid ning nende toimet inimorganismile, kes tegelevad aktiivselt spordiga; omavad teavet illegaalsetest spordis kasutatavatest dopinguainetest ning nende tarbimisega kaasnevatest ohtudest.
Erialane inglise keel (Business English)
(2009-10-14T06:57:13Z) Soosaar, Reet
BeSt programmi raames loodud e-kursuse "Erialane inglise keel" õppematerjalid. Kursus on ettevõtluse ja projektijuhtimise üliõpilastele. 50% ulatuses auditoorne ja 50 % veebipõhine õpe.
Sissejuhatus erinoorsootöösse
(2009-10-14T07:08:08Z) Žuravljova, Maria
BeSt programmi raames loodud Blackboardi kursuse "Sissejuhatus erinoorsootöösse" õppematerjalid ja õpijuhis.
Kas lumi tuli seekord üllatavalt vara?
(Maaleht, 2009-10-15) Kallis, A.
HotPotatoes edasijõudnutele
(2009-10-15T05:33:59Z) Saks, Katrin
BeSt programmi toetusel valminud veebipõhine kursus "HotPotatoes edasijõudnutele" on mõeldud õpetajatele, õppejõududele ning haridustehnoloogidele, kes kasutavad HotPotatoes-i programmi, kuid soovivad omandada ka modifikatsioonide tegemise võtteid. Kursuse materjal käsitleb 11 erinevat modifikatsiooni, mida luuakse modifitseeritud allikfailide baasil või koodi muutmise teel.
Eesti rahvaluuleteaduse ajalugu
(2009-10-15T13:55:10Z) Jaago, Tiiu
BeSt programmi raames loodud e-kursus „Eesti rahvaluuleteaduse ajalugu“ on Tartu Ülikooli etnoloogia ja folkloristika magistriõppe rahvaluule eriala kursus (FLKU.04.078). Kursuse koostamisel on lähtutud kahest eesmärgist: (1) faktiteadmiste omandamine, (2) faktiteadmiste refleksiivne ja historiograafiline tõlgendamine. Neid eesmärke on arvestatud kombineeritult nii õpperaamatu kui ka hindeliste testide ja ülesannete koostamisel. Kursus koosneb neljast teemast: (1) Rahvaluuleteaduse periodiseerimine, (2) Rahvaluuleteaduse eelne periood, eeldused rahvaluuleteaduse kujunemiseks, eestikeelse folkloristika sünd (11.-19. sajand), (3) Eesti folkloristika 20. sajandil, (4) Teadus(aja)loo võrdlevaid vaatlusi. Iga teema koosneb teemakäsitlusest ja kahest hindelisest ülesandest.
Informaatika
(2009-10-16T05:27:56Z) Kostjukevitš, Igor
Е-курс разработан в рамках программы BeSt. Содержит описание основных методов статистического анализа данных, применяемых в психолого-педагогических исследованиях, средствами MS Excel (встроенные функции, пакет анализа) и SPSS. Все темы курса сопровождаются заданиями для практической работы.
Nõustamise alused
(2009-10-16T08:11:31Z) Žuravljova, Maria
BeSt programmi toetusel loodud kursuse eesmärk on nõustamine protsessialuste õpetamine. Kursuse raames käsitletakse järgmised teemad: Nõustamise olemus - tutvustatakse nõustamise eesmärkide, põhimõtetega. Nõustaja - tutvustatakse nõustaja väärtuste, rollide, ülesannete ja eetikaga. Noorte nõustamine - tutvustatakse noorte nõustamisega, kui noorsootöö valdkond. Noorte vanemate nõustamine - tutvustatakse tehnikatega, selgitatakse vajadused nõustamise korraldamiseks, probleemide ja konfliktide lahendamine. Nõustamise alused kursuse juurde kuuluvate seminaride ja praktikumide eesmärgiks on arendada üliõpilaste analüüsi-, meeskonna ja suhtlemisoskusi.
Suits, Aino. Üliõpilasena. [1903-1911]
(2009-10-20T12:18:51Z) Ovesén, Ernst