Sirvi Kuupäev , alustades "2014-09" järgi

Filtreeri tulemusi aasta või kuu järgi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 39

Universitas Tartuensis : UT : Tartu Ülikooli ajakiri 2014 nr 8
(Tartu : Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09) Merisalu, Merilyn, toimetaja
Organisational Control in University Management: A Multiparadigm Approach on the Example of the University of Tartu
(2014-09-01) Kindsiko, Eneli
Tuginedes erinevate teadusfilosoofiliste paradigmade (modernistlik, sümbolistlik ja postmodernistlik) sünteesile on doktoritöö eesmärgiks välja töötada teoreetiline raamistik organisatsioonilise kontrolli mõistmiseks Tartu Ülikooli näitel. Antud eesmärgist kantuna, esimene ehk teoreetiline peatükk hõlmab organisatsioonilise kontrolli alaste käsitluste teadusfilosoofilist korrastamist paradigmade lõikes. Viimast silmas pidades tekib teoreetilises osas kontrollialase kirjanduse süstematiseerimine, mis annab lugejale ülevaatliku pildi sellest, kuidas vastavalt omaksvõetud teadusparadigmale on teadlased seni kontrolli olemust ja toimimist mõistnud. Teine ehk empiiriline peatükk rakendab kolme paradigmat Tartu Ülikooli juhtimisreformi uurimisel ning kolmas peatükk, sünteesides nii teoreetilist kui empiirilist peatükki kujundab metatasandil teoreetilise raamistiku organisatsioonilise kontrolli paremaks mõistmiseks. Doktoritöö tulemusena ilmnes, kuidas organisatsioonilise kontrolli loomus sõltub suuresti tekkinud dominantsetest diskursustest ülikoolis. Doktoritööst selgus, kuidas sisuliselt juhtimisreformi raames tekkinud diskursused keskendusid olemasolevate tähenduste hoidmisele (nt identiteediküsimused), samas põrkuvad otsese vajadusega harjunud tähendusi muuta (nt harjutamine valdkonnapõhise identiteedi vormis mõtlemisega). Kokkuvõttes tõi doktoritöö välja, kuidas olulised muutused ülikoolis ei ole mitte pelgalt komplekssed, vaid tulenevalt ülikoolide traditsioonilisest töökorraldusest sageli ka poliitilistel võimumängudel baseeruvad. Kuna suuremastaabilisi muudatusi juhitakse tsentraalselt tippjuhtkonna poolt, siis võib muudatuste taga peituv argumentatsioon tavatöötajast kaugele jääda. Seetõttu, kuigi muudatuste mõju on hilisemalt kõigile tuntav, ent vähese dialoogi tekkimise tõttu loob see viljaka pinnase ebakindlust ja ärevust sütitavate ning organisatsioonilist kontrolli haarata püüdvate dominantsete diskursuste tekkeks.
Ain Kallis: ,,Kõike, millega ilm mind üllatada võiks on oi kui palju! “
(Õhtuleht, 2014-09-01) Kallis, A.
Möödus jälle üks vaheldusrikas suvi
(Maaleht, 2014-09-04) Kallis, A.
PCR-meetodivalideerimine salmonella spp.tuvastamiseks toidu- ja keskkonnaproovidest
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-09) Pappa, Markus; Talpsepp, Ene; Jõgi, Eerik; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja tehnoloogiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Molekulaar- ja rakubioloogia instituut
René Magritte ja tema mõjud Toomas Vindi loomingus
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-10) Hermann, Elo; Tatar, Tõnis, juhendaja; Hermann, Eik, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Maalikunstnik Konstantin Süvalo elu ja looming
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-10) Anderson, Kevin; Tatar, Tõnis, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Psychological and physiological implications of time perception
(2014-09-12) Tamm, Maria
Inimese aju on aja kulgemise hindamisel üldiselt väga täpne ning seetõttu eeldatakse, et meil on olemas bioloogilist päritolu kellalaadne mehhanism. Olenemata sellest on ajataju sarnaselt teistele psühholoogilistele töötlusprotsessidele tundlik erinevate ärritajate suhtes ning seetõttu võib ajahinnangutes ilmneda ka ebatäpsust. Sisemise kella mudeli järgi saab eristada taktiseadjat, mis „tiksub“ teatud kiirusel ning edastab impulsse, mis seejärel kokku kogutakse ning on aluseks kogetud kestusele. Sisemise kella töö sõltub organismi erutusseisundist ja aktivatsiooni tasemest. Varasemad tööd on näidanud, et organismi temperatuuri tõusuga kaasneb enamasti ka ajamulje muutumine viisil, kus subjektiivset aega tajutakse mööduvat kiiremini võrreldes väliste sündmustega. Seda nähtust seletatakse taktiseadja kiirema tööga, mille tulemusena koguneb subjektiivse ajamulje aluseks olevate impulsside hulk kiiremini. Samas ei ole füsioloogilised muutused kehas ainsaks põhjuseks, miks subjektiivne ajamulje ei vasta reaalsusele. Üsna mõistlik on eeldada, et ekstreermses keskkonnas treenides kaasnevad lisaks kehalisele koormusele ka muutused psüühilises seisundis. Käesolev doktoritöö näitas, et lisaks füsioloogilistele muutuste ilmnemisele taolistes tingimustes on oluline roll ka emotsionaalsel seisundil subjektiivse ajamulje kujunemisel - tajutud väsimustunne vahendab kehatemperatuuri muutuse mõju ajahinnangutele. Seetõttu on erutusseisundi kaudu sisemise kella töö ja ajataju muutlikkuse seletamine psüühilise seisundi korral ebapiisav, kuna emotsionaalset informatsiooni avastab ja töötleb tähelepanu eelisjärjekorras. On tõenäoline, et emotsionaalselt laetud ärritaja tõmbab kiiremini tähelepanu ning seeläbi tõstab ka organismi erutust, mis omakorda avaldab mõju subjektiivse ajamulje kujunemisele. Sellest tulenevalt koondub tähelepanu ajaliselt infolt eemale, taktiseadja poolt tekitatud impulsid lähevad kaduma ja kestust hinnatakse lühemaks. Lisaks näib ajataju olevat üks impulsiivset käitumist kirjeldavatest omadustest ning on tõenäoline, et impulsiivsetel indiviididel on kiirem kognitiivne tempo kui ka ebaefektiivne tunnetuslik töötlus. Kokkuvõttes saab öelda, et ajataju alusmehhanismide uurimisel tasub rakendada afektiivse tähelepanu lähenemist ning pigem vaadelda organismi aktivatsiooni ja tähelepanu töötlusega seonduvat teineteisest sõltuvalt.
Beck'i kognitiivse teadlikkuse skaala adapteerimine eesti keelde
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-17) Külm, Kadri-Liis; Kreegipuu, Maie, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
Uurimustöö peamine eesmärk oli kohandada eesti keelde psühhootiliste häiretega patsientide haigusteadlikkuse hindamiseks sobiv mõõtevahend. Selleks töötati välja Beck'i kognitiivse teadlikkuse skaala eestikeelne versioon (BCIS-E). Töös osales 22 skisofreenia- ja 50 depressioonipatsienti ning 227 kontrollisikut. Uurimuse esimeses osas hinnati skaala sisemist struktuuri ja reliaablust. Uurimuse teises osas eraldati koguvalimist 2 kliinilise grupi ja kontrollgrupiga osavalim, mis tasakaalustati soolise jaotuvuse, vanuse ja haridustaseme järgi. Osavalimisse kuulus 22 skisofreenia- ja 23 depressioonipatsienti ning 59 tervet kontrollisikut. Uurimuse teises osas hinnati skaala valiidsust, võrreldes kliinilisi gruppe kontrollgrupiga. Uurimuses leiti, et BCIS-E on hea sisemise ja kordustesti reliaablusega. Lisaks leiti, et skaalal on hea koonduv valiidsus PANSSi haigusteadlikkuse puudumise sümptomiga.
Kunst ja võim: Ideoloogilise surve väljendumine Tartu Kunstimuuseumi näituseprogrammis aastatel 1946–1956
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-18) Piirimäe, Kadri; Talvistu, Tiiu, juhendaja; Tatar, Tõnis, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Enesekehtestamine. Kunstimuuseumides ja –galeriides toimunud moenäituste roll kaasaegse Eesti kunstimaailmas
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-18) Kivirähk, Kaarin; Tatar, Tõnis, juhendaja; Nugis, Karin, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Saksa okupatsiooni-aegne (1941-1944) kunstipoliitika Balti riikides ja selle kajastumine näitusel “Kolm inimpõlve eesti kunsti”
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-18) Karlson, Kaja; Ormisson-Lahe, Anu, juhendaja; Talvistu, Tiiu, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Henn Roode portreelooming kunstniku veendumuste taustal
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-18) Kim, Bok Eum; Tatar, Tõnis, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Info- ja kommunikatsioonisüsteemide areng Harju Maakohtu näitel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-18) Mikkin, Kairit; Konsa, Kurmo, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond
Inimohvrirituaalid ja nende tähtsus asteekide kultuuris
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-18) Lepik, Ingrid; Kõiv, Mait, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
Vanakreeka partitsiibi tõlkimine saksa, prantsuse ja eesti keelde: kontrastiivne analüüs
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-19) Kuusik, Norman; Päll, Jaanika, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Inglise filoloogia osakond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond
The title of this Master‟s thesis is The Translation of Ancient Greek Participles into German, French and Estonian: A Contrastive Analysis. The original idea for this study comes from the personal sense of great discrepancy existing between the use of the participle in Ancient Greek and modern languages. Comprehending the use and function of the participle is perhaps one of the biggest challenges in studying Ancient Greek, hence an in-depth analysis into the translation of the Ancient Greek participle would provide an ample source of examples, how it has done in already pre-existing translations. The choice of adding German and French, next to my native Estonian, to the analysis was linguistically-motivated, and one of main points of interest for this thesis has is to look, how linguistically different languages deal with this problem. The initial hypothesis was that French, being a primarily analytic language (thus furthest apart from Ancient Greek in linguistic properties), would have greatest difficulties in conveying the original form of the Ancient Greek participle, whereas Estonian, a primarily synthetic language, would find it easiest. The corpus comprises of 300 Ancient Greek participles from three different classical authors. The sources of the participle are the fourth book of The Histories by Herodotus, Second Philippic by Demosthenes, and Phaedrus by Plato. Upon compiling the corpus, two principles were used: firstly that each source text would be of a different genre (thus the corpus consists historical narrative, a public speech and a philosophical dialogue); and secondly that the translations into target language would have a different author every time, yet more or less remain to the same time period. For Herodotus, I use the translation of Theodor Braun in German (1958), Philippe-Ernest Legrand in French (1945) and Astrid Kurismaa in Estonian (1983); for Demosthenes, the translation of Wolfhart Unte in German (1985), Maurice Croiset in French (1925) and Janika Päll in Estonian (2006); for Plato, a rework of Schleiermacher's translation in German (1953), translation of Leon Rubin in French (1961) and Marju Lepajõe in Estonian (2003). Following the introduction, this paper is structured into four parts – 1) general properties of the participle, both in Ancient Greek as well as in the target languages, 2) methodology of the study, 3) analysis of the corpus and 4) conclusion. The full corpus has been added as appendixes for future reference. On the general properties of the participle it was revealed that the definition of the participle largely depended on the source language of the definition as the concept would always be explained via source language examples. Still, certain general properties can be discerned – an non-finite verb form with the functionality of an adjective that nonetheless retains some characteristics of the verb (in example: the possibility to take an object, the expression of aspect and voice, etc). Another universal characteristic is its complete productivity – any verb can be made into a participle. Ancient Greek has morphologically distinct participial forms in four different tenses – the present, future, aorist and perfect. It also expresses the category of voice, as there exists a morphological difference between active, medial and passive voice (in several tenses, the two latter voices form a combined medio-passive voice). The grammar books on Ancient Greek offer many different approaches to the syntactical function of the participle. The categorisation used in this paper is largely based on William Goodwin's A Greek Grammar which makes a distinction between three major uses of the participle – attributive, circumstantial and supplementary use. In staying true to modern terminology, I have replaced “circumstantial” with “adverbial” and “supplementary” with “predicative” use of the participle. Other grammar books were also consulted – Bronemann and Risch's Griechische Grammar in German; Lukinovich and Rousset's Grammaire de Grec Ancien and Bertrand's Nouvelle Grammaire Grecque in French – and a brief compendium on the different approaches has been included. Keeping in mind the actual occurrence of participial uses and the translation techniques applied, I made certain adoptions to Goodwin's system – thus in the analysis of part three, there is an additional distinction between the substantive use of the participle (a subcategory of attributive participle, according to most grammar books) and genitivus absolutus (a subcategory of circumstantial/adverbial participle according to Goodwin). All three target languages have two morphologically distinct participial forms – the present and part participial form. Estonian participle also expresses the category of voice which does not exist as a morphologically distinct form in German and French. The main difference in the syntactic use of the participle between Ancient Greek and target languages lies in its predicative use, as one of the main uses of the participle in modern languages is predicative as a part of compound tenses. Yet Ancient Greek seldom employs compound tenses. Another problem lay in finding a modern-language counterpart for the adverbial use which was not that explicitly present in target language grammars. Arrivé et al in La grammaire d’aujourd’hui makes use of the term "apposition" and this term was used in the subsequent analysis to express target language participial use equivalent to Ancient Greek adverbial use. Attributive use was largely unchanged, although various limitations did exist in target languages individually. A brief glance was also necessary to the concept of non-finite verb forms in general, as other non-finite verb forms would sometimes an equal value to the participle in the quantitative analysis. This includes the gerundive forms in Estonian and French and infinitive forms in all three target languages. The methodology of this paper employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis – the qualitative analysis describes the translation techniques of every participle in all three languages. The general techniques were: translation with a participle; translation with other non-finite verb forms; translation with an adjective; translation with a noun (phrase); translation with a clause; and omission. Each technique also had its set of subcategories: for instance, a participle could be an attribute, substantive or an apposition; a noun phrase could be described as simple or complex etc. One of the key principles in describing the translations was an attempt to limit the description to the translation of the participle exclusively – for example, if the original participle functioned as a substantive and also had a complement, the translation of the complement was not described. The quantitative analysis is based on Eugene Nida‟s concepts of formal and dynamic equivalence and this paper attempts to measure the relation of every translation to these two concepts from the perspective of grammatic accuracy. Two separate criteria are observed in this analysis – does the translation retain the original word class and the original syntactic structure? To properly measure this, I created a five-point grading system, where the lowest value would be grammatically most accurate. Thus a 1 point translation retains both the original word form and syntactical structure, 2 point translation changes either the word class or the syntactic structure, 3 point translation changes both the word class and the syntactic structure, 4 point translation creates a new clause, 5 point translation omits the participle. The word class is retained only if the translation uses a non-finite verb form. The syntactic structure depends on the original category of the participle – a substantive participle can syntactically either the subject, object, indirect object or adverbial; the attributive participle can only be a compound; the adverbial and predicative participle and genitivus absolutus can only be an apposition. A series of examples have been added to illustrate this grading system. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed the initial hypothesis to be largely incorrect – contrarily to the hypothesis, it was French that proved to be grammatically closest to the original (overall value of 3 points on the grading system), followed by Estonian (3.12 points) and German (3.36). It is remarkable, however, that in terms of separate texts, the ranking of the languages' was different in every occasion – thus for Herodotus the ranking was French (2.99), Estonian (3.69), German (3.85); for Demosthenes Estonian (2.76), French (3.13), German (3.4); and for Plato German (2.59); Estonian (2.83); French (3.02). Although certain tendencies did seem to be language-specific (for instance, French always had a relatively low score in the category of adverbial participles and German in the category of substantive participle), the formal characteristics of the language were far outweighed by the decisions of the translator. There did exist an interesting correlation between the genre of the text and the grammatical accuracy of the translation – in almost all of the categories, the translations of Plato's philosophical dialogue were closer to the original, whereas historical narrative of Herodotus warranted a looser approach. Whether this is sheer coincidence or a more general trend, would require further study.
Lastekirjanduse kultuurispetsiifika tõlkemeetoditest Charles Dickensi romaani "Oliver Twist" kahe eestikeelse tõlke näitel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-19) Sibrits, Kadri; Soovik, Ene-Reet, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Inglise filoloogia osakond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond
UNIVERSITY OF TARTU Institute of Germanic, Romance and Slavonic Languages and Literatures Kadri Sibrits Lastekirjanduse kultuurispetsiifika tõlkemeetoditest Charles Dickensi romaani ,,Oliver Twist” kahe eestikeelse tõlke näitel On Translation Methods of Cultural Specificity in Children’s Literature: Two Estonian Translations of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens Master’s thesis 2014 90 pages This thesis explores the translation methods that can be implemented to translate cultural specificity in children’s literature. The main objective is to determine if and how such methods contribute to the general aims of translating children’s literature. In addition, the translators’ presence in translation texts is analyzed. The thesis is comprised of three parts: Introduction, a theoretical chapter and an empirical chapter. In the introductory chapter, a theoretical framework is set for understanding children’s literature as a concept as well as the facets of its translation. A definition is provided and topics such as the main aims of translating children’s literature and the ambivalence of children’s literature texts are explored. In addition, Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens is discussed as an example of children’s literature. The second chapter focuses on cultural specificity and features the definition of the term, followed by the categorization of the possible translation methods of culture-specific elements in children’s literature. Works of Javier Franco Aixelá, Vinay and Darbelnet, Vlahhov and Florin, Peter Newmark, Eirlys E. Davies and Göte Klingberg are taken as a basis for establishing a categorization of translation methods for conducting the comparative analysis of the translations in question. Translator’s presence and visibility are also discussed. In the third and final chapter, the two Estonian translations of Dickens’s Oliver Twist by Hans Freimann (1927) and Koidu Reim (1964) are compared in terms of translating culture-specific elements in children’s literature. The comparative analysis is conducted following the system of translation methods established in the second chapter. In general, the translation methods for culture-specific elements include word for word translation, paraphrasing, loan words, near equivalents, intra-textual and extra-textual gloss. Translating for children adds the consideration for possible ways to adapt cultural contexts. The author of this thesis refrains from prescriptive normativity; instead, the aim is to see which methods were implemented and how each translation contributes to achieving the main objectives of translating children’s literature, such as providing the child with information about the world and its different cultures and assisting the development of the child’s self-image by supporting the child in overcoming his or her fears and problems. Key words: translation of culture-specific elements, translation methods, children’s literature, 19th century English literature, Charles Dickens
Sünkroontõlke iseseisva õppe harjutustik
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-19) Karboinova, Anna; Klock, Kerli, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Inglise filoloogia osakond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond
University of Tartu Institute of Germanic, Romance and Slavonic Languages and Literatures Anna Karboinova Simultaneous Interpreting: Practice Exercises for Self-study (Sünkroontõlke iseseisva õppe harjutustik) 2014 MA Thesis Number of pages: 66 The current MA thesis aims to create a collection of self-study exercises for simultaneous interpreting. The collection of practise exercises sets to help the students acquire the techniques and skills needed for producing better-quality simultaneous interpreting. In order to achieve the aim of this thesis, the author analyzed different academic sources on simultaneous interpreting, tested the exercises of the various sources, selecting the most efficient of these to include in the thesis. The exercises given are aimed to help the students to obtain three basic techniques of simultaneous interpreting that the thesis focuses on: split attention/concentration, anticipation and speech editing. The speech editing technique contains three sub-techniques: compression, the salami technique and reformulation.
Tõlkeabitarkvarast ning selle õpetamise olulisusest ülikoolide tõlkijakoolituses
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-19) Taaler, Maarja; Anvelt, Ilmar, juhendaja; Karus, Tanel, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Inglise filoloogia osakond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond
University of Tartu Faculty of Philosophy Institute of Germanic, Romance and Slavonic Languages and Literatures Maarja Taaler Tõlkeabitarkvarast ning selle õpetamise olulisusest ülikoolide tõlkijakoolituses. Näidisõppetsükkel: memoQ 2013 R2 õpetamine Tartu Ülikooli kirjaliku tõlke magistrantidele/ On CAT tools and the importance of teaching them in university translator training programmes. Sample study plan for teaching memoQ 2013 R2 to translation students at the University of Tartu MA thesis 2014 77 pages The aim of this MA thesis is to create a sample study plan for teaching memoQ 2013 R2 to translation students at the University of Tartu in order to improve their skills in using CAT tools, as well as to contribute to the development of teaching CAT tools at the University of Tartu. The reason for choosing memoQ 2013 R2 was the availability of a free 1-year license to the students of the University of Tartu. The first chapter gives a general overview of CAT tools, including their historical development, operating principles, modern features and products. The advantages and disadvantages of using this type of technology are also discussed. The second chapter focuses on the importance of teaching CAT tools in university translator training programmes and gives a short overview of the European Master’s in Translation project, as well as the current situation of teaching CAT tools in the translator training programmes of Estonian universities. The third chapter comprises a sample study plan for teaching memoQ 2013 R2 to translation students at the University of Tartu. The study plan is composed of four parts. The first three parts include exercises and tips for mastering the basic functions of memoQ 2013 R2. The exercises are based on processing legal and technical texts in memoQ; more specifically, the texts are different versions of two particular documents, one in each field. The last part focuses on obtaining student feedback. Keywords: CAT tools, memoQ 2013 R2, translator training
Organisatsioonilise pühendumise arvessevõtmine personali valikul
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014-09-19) Raam, Marit; Aidla, Anne, juhendaja; Konsa, Kurmo, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond