Sirvi Märksõna "Gruusia" järgi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 53

listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
A Taste of Georgia. Far Right Populism with a Unique Georgian Flavour
(2020) Cole, Michael
Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while a great deal of academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are much less common. Therefore, this paper first examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrates enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far-right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist ways of ‘doing politics’, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and influence of Russia, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Application of the European Union's human security approach to the European Union Monitoring Mission to Georgia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Apriashvili, Mariam; Linsenmaier, Thomas, juhendaja; Vits, Kristel, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This Master’s thesis explores the way in which human security agenda has found its way into the security practices of an emerging security actor, the European Union (EU). In this context, while the work introduces the human security concept in the realm of the EU, in particular in the framework of Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM Georgia) is being examined as a case where human security is put in practice. Thesis puts forward a set of three interrelated questions: Firstly, whether human security approach was followed by the EU in EUMM Georgia and secondly, how it was implemented. For this purpose, the six principles of human security, defined by Madrid Report of 2007 will be scrutinized and will be used as an indicator to measure practical implementation of the EU human security approach on the ground, in case of EUMM Georgia. And thirdly, it goes on to explore what was the rationale for the EU to opt for this approach. In order to account for this latter, the thesis applies both Constructivist and Rationalist theories along the human security concept in the framework of the EU’s CSDP, and argues that it is the combination of rationalist calculation and considerations of appropriateness that leads the EU to adopt a human security approach in CSDP, in this case in EUMM Georgia.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
China’s influence on the quality of democracy in Georgia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Dzamukashvili, Soso; Zubek, Marcin, juhendaja; Vilson, Maili, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Despite the Georgian Dream’s democratic agenda to change Saakashvili’s authoritarian regime and its success in achieving the closest-ever relations with the European Union, the democratic quality in Georgia witnessed a decrease during the six-year period between 2013 and 2019. Georgia thus failed to make a historical move and deliver a genuine democratic system. Simultaneously, China – an external actor promoting authoritarianism – emerged in the region and since 2013 substantially strengthened relations with Georgia. The current scholarship fails to systematically and theoretically explain the Chinese impact on the democratic quality in Georgia. Hence, the aim of the following case study is to fill the existing research gap and analyse how China has affected the quality of democracy in Georgia during the 2013-2019 period. The study is framed under the combined theoretical framework of the neo-Institutionalism and modified Linkage and Leverage analytical model. The dependent variable of the research is the degree of democracy and the independent variable – the degree of leverage. The study assesses the degrees of economic, political, and normative leverage to evaluate China’s impact on democracy in Georgia. Additionally, the analysis evaluates the European Union’s as well as Russian leverages to Georgia to avoid merely looking at correlation and instead to be able to demonstrate the causality between the democratic quality in Georgia and China’s leverage to Georgia. The research employs secondary statistical data collection and directed (deductive) qualitative content analysis to identify specific data and themes for the assessment of economic, political and normative leverages of China, the European Union and Russia to Georgia. The research results show that the Chinese leverage to Georgia has been low throughout the entire 2013-2019 period and has remained considerably lower than that of the European Union. The study reveals that China’s mechanisms of autocracy promotion in Georgia, i.e. socialisation and soft power, have not influenced the quality of democracy in Georgia during the period between the years 2013 and 2019. Thus, China has had no impact (or minimal) on the quality of democracy in Georgia.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
“Christian Stalin” – The Paradox of Contemporary Georgian Politics
(University of Tartu Press, 2017) Kakabadze, Shota
The following study sets as the starting point of analysis the paradox which one can observe in contemporary Georgian public space. Religious discourse refers to Stalin as a believer and even talks of his contribution to the revival of Christianity in the Soviet Union, despite the vast historical evidence suggesting otherwise. A considerable part of the Georgian population expresses respect or sympathy towards this historical figure. In this research, it is argued that explanations stemming from memory politics, nationalism or from the attempts of turning the image of Stalin into a commodity, fail to substantially address the puzzle and shed light on the phenomenon. Hence, the following study proposes a chain of signification developed within the discourse theory as a theoretical and methodological tool for looking at these developments. The discourse on national identity with Orthodox Christianity as a nodal point explains the possibility of such an image, religious Stalin, coming into existence.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Complex interdependence and peace: a comparative analytical study of Ukraine, Georgia and CIS member-states from 2000-2014
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Parts, Raul; Toomla, Raul, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The idea of the research project is to examine the possible correlation between economic interdependence and security. The following thesis will look at the members of Commonwealth of Independent States in a dyad with Russia over the last decade in order to determine the variables, that accordance with the independent variable, i.e. economic interdependence can affect security in the mentioned dyads. Already from the 1950s, liberals in international relations along with liberals in economics have described the benefits of trade and economic interdependence, making it too costly to engage in a conflict. Globalization theorists have evolved the concept and economists tend to say that the world is (at least in financial terms) very much interdependent. This all should make conflict a very costly option for a state and enforce pacifism between states and in the international arena in general. But economic interdependence can also be of asymmetric nature, making the costs of a conflict very high to one counterpart and thus reducing the threat of a conflict to the second counterpart. The thesis will look at how economic interdependence along with other relevant variables can affect conflict or perhaps prevent it from happening in the first place. A theory is presented and it is tested through corroborative examples of military disputes between Russia and the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Creating wellness as company structure: the case of workplace stress in a communication company in Georgia
(Tartu Ülikooli Pärnu Kolledž, 2017) Dumbadze, Liana; Smith, Melanie Kay, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Pärnu Kolledž; Tartu Ülikool. Pärnu Kolledž. Turismiosakond
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Demokraatia konsolideerimine: Armeenia ja Gruusia viimase kahe parlamendivalimise järel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014) Lill, Mari; Vilson, Maili, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Riigiteaduste instituut
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Designing innovative services for spas: the case of alcoholism treatment in Georgia
(Tartu Ülikooli Pärnu Kolledž, 2016) Gegechkori, Guram; Smith, Melanie Kay, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Pärnu Kolledž; Tartu Ülikool. Pärnu Kolledž. Turismiosakond
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Discovering connections between economic and political dependence in the context of Russia-Georgia economic relations
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Merebashvili, Lika; Morozov, Viatcheslav, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This Master’s thesis examines social dimension of the economic dependence and foreign policy compliance of Georgia to Russia in order to explain foreign policy choices of the governments of Georgia. According to the mainstream IPE scholarship, higher the economic dependence, more prone the dependent partner is to make political compromises for the benefit of the dominant. Though, this logic is not applicable to the case of the Georgia-Russia relations which is why economic nationalism - as the construction of set of discourses which define frame for the economic policy decisions - is brought into analysis to suggest better explanation of the connection between economic and political dependence. The 2003-2016 period is chosen as the time frame for the analysis where 2003-2007 and 2012-2016 years are analyzed with utmost scrutiny since they correspond to the periods when the governments of Georgia made contrasting policy actions towards relations with Russia: resisted to make compromises in the foreign policy when the economic dependence on Russia was high in 2006-2007 and turned to the concessions when the economic dependence was the lowest in the history of Russia-Georgia relations. The thesis elaborates a novel methodology combining the quantitative and qualitative techniques and finds that economic nationalism gives relevance to the economic dependence and triggers political concessions from the decision-makers.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Ergänzungen der Materialen zur Geschichte und Statistik des Kirchen- und Schulwesens der Ev.-Luth. Gemeinden in Russland. Zweiter Band, Die fünf Consistorialbezirke Liv- und Ehstlands und die Ev.-Luth. Gemeinden in Grusien
(St. Petersburg : Gustav Haessel ; Leipzig : H. Haessel, 1867) Anonymous
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Ethnopolitical regimes and state-minority relations: a comparative case study of Abkhazia, Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli in Georgia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Tappeiner, Julia; Kallas, Kristina, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
After the collapse of the Soviet Union (SU), recently independent governments with heterogenous populations had to find ways to establish a new political power balance between the ethnic groups. But while some nation-building processes resulted in peaceful ethnopolitical confrontations, other state-minority relations developed into ethnic war and secessionism. This master thesis seeks to explain different outcomes of relationships between a government and its ethnic minorities in the context of ethnopolitics and ethnic conflict. Two variables accounting for ethnic conflict are: exclusion of non-core groups and a high political mobilization of ethnic minorities. Starting from there, this study analyzes when a host-state decides to exclude non-core groups from state power, as well as what factors account for a high political mobilization of an ethnic minority. The mechanisms are deduced from two main theories – the politics of nation-building by Mylonas (2013) and ethnopolitical situations by Pettai (n.d.) – and applied in a few-n comparative study to three Georgian minorities: from the most violent form in Abkhazia to a milder form of unrest of Armenians in Javakheti and finally a case with a very low mobilization potential of Azeris in Kvemo Kartli. The comparative study shows that the decision of a host-state to exclude a minority is influenced by the international alliance-system. The political mobilization and consequently the reaction of a minority group to an exclusionary ethnopolitical regime depends on the resources it has gathered throughout historical processes, including the support of an external ally, grievances or strong social cohesion. The thesis is one of the few studies accounting for the relationship between all three players involved in ethnopolitical relations – the state, the minority and external powers – and for the broader geopolitical context of ethnic power struggles. Hence, this study crucially adds to the ability of understanding the mechanisms of ethnopolitics and conflict. Finally, this thesis is the first study that compares Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli in their differences, contributing to our understanding of nation-building processes and minority behavior in an under-researched part of the post-soviet space.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
EU influence on environmental politics in the post-Soviet space: a comparison of Armenia and Georgia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Worsch, Laura; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Hoppe, Sebastian, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Although environmental governance has long been one of the EU’s priorities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Programme, the amounts of EU funding that were invested in Armenia and Georgia seem to only weakly correlate with their environmental performances. This master thesis hence deals with the question, why EU mechanisms aiming at environmental politics in post-Soviet countries are in some cases more effective than in others. The focus lies on the processes of EU cooperation and communication on the theoretical basis of external governance, comparing the two cases Georgia and Armenia. The hypothesis states that it is more likely for the EU to have a sustainable impact on a country’s environmental politics when it has a strong hierarchical governance. The research consists of the qualitative assessment of expert interviews with environmental actors in Georgia and Armenia. Major findings include that the EU’s cooperation patterns differ towards different national actors, to the general detriment of environmental NGOs. This creates the request for more institutional and reliable support by the EU.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
EU’s regional integration strategies and its implication for civil society participation in Eastern partnership countries: comparing Georgia and Armenia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Tlashadze, Mariam; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Institutional framework within the EaP introduced a tailor-made policy approach towards six Eastern Partnership countries. Meanwhile, another regional integration project, the Eurasian Economic Union, was created by Russia which challenged the EU’s position in the region. This thesis tries to identify how different paths of regional integration affect the direction and the intensity of the process of Europeanization of civil society in Georgia and Armenia. The theoretical expectations are drawn from Neighborhood Europeanization through spreading ‘external governance’ by Lavenex and Schimmelfennig. According to them, the modes and effects of ‘external governance’ increases with three different factors: international legitimacy, the EU’s power, also alternative poles of governance and the domestic structure of the third countries. As civil society is the least studied field under the EaP, the thesis applied a semi-structured in-depth interview method to gather more data from experts in the field. Official agreements and documents produced by the EU, as well as in-depth interviews, are analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Overall, the study finds that Georgia’s regional strategy choice resulted in higher intensity and degree of the Europeanization of civil society in comparison with Armenia. However, it also identified that the selective will of domestic authorities largely influences civil society’s participation in the reform process and in monitoring implementation. In addition to this, the thesis demonstrates that the conditionality offered from the EU is effective until it meets the certain expectations of the partnership countries. The study confirms the expectations of the theory.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Euroopa Parlamendi roll Euroopa Liidu välispoliitikas Gruusia kriisi näitel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2015) Pärnsalu, Tanel; Made, Vahur, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Europeanization as a source of frame resonance. The case of Georgia’s Shame movement and 2019 Gavrilov’s night protests
(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Efimova, Anna; Mach, Zdzisław, juhendaja; Smith, David, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
In 2017, 74% of young Georgians supported European integration; additionally, only 1% of them reported participating in a political protest or demonstration, echoing the Georgian scholars’ argument about the low level of youth political activism in this country (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2017, p. 69, p. 55; Kakhishvili & Gogava, 2016, p. 129). In 2019, the Shame movement formed by young people previously not involved in any political group organized the 94 days long protest known as Gavrilov night. Although it primarily did not concern a question of Georgia-EU relations, it employed various references to Europe and these relations (Sharashenidze, 2019; Kincha, 2020; OC Media, 2019b; RFE/RL's Georgian Service, 2019). The present research investigates the link between youth collective action and Europeanization in Georgia, taking the Shame movement and their 2019 protest as a case study. Based on a constructivist approach to Europeanization and Snow and Benford’s Frame theory, it conceptualizes this link as a frame resonance. It centrally asks how Europeanization can contribute to the resonance of collective action frames developed by a youth social movement. The data utilized to address the research question was collected through interviews with two groups of respondents: a social movement entrepreneur (a leader of the 2019 Gavrilov night protest and Shame’s founder) and young Georgian protest participants. Through Theoretical Thematic analysis, Shame’s framing processes during the 2019 protests were analyzed and their collective action frames extracted. Through a combination of inductive and deductive Thematic analysis, six narratives on the Europeanization of the latter group were established. The final analysis conducted according to six indicators of frame resonance revealed that the most significant number of conjunctions (five and four, respectively) between the protesters’ narratives and Shame’s collective action frames was evoked by the narrative on obstacles to Europeanization and Existential threat. Regarding the Europeanization’s contribution to framing processes, the analysis revealed that during the 2019 protest, Europeanization, as constructed by the young Georgia’s protesters, could contribute the most to the resonance of Shame’s prognostic framing, represented by its solutions, tactics, and understanding of constraints. In this case, resonance was designated by four indicators out of six: frame consistency, empirical credibility, centrality, and narrative fidelity. The resonance between the young protesters’ narratives on Europeanization and Shame’s diagnostic frames was designated by two indicators of empirical credibility and narrative fidelity and one indicator (credibility of the frame articulators) for their motivational frames.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Europeanization in Eastern Partnership countries: the “Associated Trio” and trade opportunities
(Tartu Ülikool, 2022) Tsiskadze, Mariam; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Recent developments in Eastern Europe have been of great interest to international institutions and academia. The present study analyzes Europeanization and its influence on Eastern Neighborhood countries, main approaches towards European Integration, achievements, outcomes and perspectives. Research focuses on trade relations targeting three countries of the neighborhood: Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Selection of these cases is determined by their higher dedication and aspirations towards European integration, highlighted in countries' political agendas and expressed in their individual applications for the EU membership. Economic integration is one of the key parts of this ambitious agenda that is accelerated through the Association Agreement and DCFTA as the most advanced agreement ever negotiated by the EU in relation with its partners. The crises in the neighborhood have once again highlighted the need to strengthen trade relations in order to diversify trading partners and achieve economic independence. In order to study the process of integration the research suggests to go back to the theory of Europeanization which explains soft power diffusion from the EU to its surroundings as well as the countries' intentions and final outcomes. Any level of reform progress should be positively assessed and recognized from the EU in order to be counted as successful and have positive outcomes in terms of economic integration. Therefore, research is interested in examining possible correlation between the regional cooperation and countries’ individual achievements towards European integration and the influence of trilateral cooperation on the attitude of the European Union towards three eastern neighborhood countries. Amid three countries’ individual applications submitted for the EU membership it is even more relevant and interesting to examine overall progress and achievements of the countries in terms of meeting eligibility criteria for the accession.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
'Frozen conflicts' in associated Eastern partnership countries: Georgia and Moldova. A comparative case study
(Tartu Ülikool, 2017) Gogaladze, Ketevan; Groenendijk, Nico, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Geopolitical policy dilemma for Eastern Partnership countries: democracy and security
(Tartu Ülikool, 2022) Hajiyev, Elvin; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The Eastern Partnership (EaP) was established in 2009 to formalize the EU's interactions with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova. The EU's goal was to strengthen cooperation, play a role to these states' economic, political, and social development, and enhance stability in the region. However, the Kremlin was concerned regarding EU initiatives to establish its own influence in the region in the CIS space: to deprive Russia of the status of the prioritized partner of some of the six aforementioned countries through the EaP and to create an alternative to Russia's integrationist strategies in the CIS. The research study seeks to highlight geopolitical policy dilemma for Eastern Partnership Countries and underline policy tools employed by the regional actors over 6 program countries by attempting to identify an answer to the question that why the promotion of democracy which is an important element of EU’s value-driven foreign policy triggers conflict of interest with Russia which leads to the security challenges for these 6 countries. Furthermore, it identifies the main motivations for the EU-Russia involvement in the region and clarifies different approaches to policymaking. The qualitative research method of data analysis, particularly document analysis is used in this research study to clarify where Russia's and the EU's objectives intersect. On the other hand, the research by analyzing the EaP countries individually examines the domestic implications from the perspectives of democratization and security challenges in which the regional actors directly or indirectly are playing important roles. The thesis is based on neoliberal theory reflecting on the research question. Particularly offensive and defensive realism explains the appropriate reaction to the security dilemma of the EaP countries. Furthermore, one of the key emphasis is placed on the issue of the security dilemma, how it demonstrates on the challenges in the EaP countries, and how it characterizes the geopolitical situation for the EaP. As a result, the research argues on the geopolitical policy dilemma of the EaP countries inferred from the conflict of interest between Russia and the EU.
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Georgian airspace: a strategic geoeconomic asset
(Tartu Ülikool, 2025) Kurbanov, Ali; Eerma, Diana, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Majandusteaduskond
listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs ,
Gruusia-Vene sõja kajastus ajalehtedes The Daily Telegraph ja Die Welt
(Tartu Ülikool, 2011) Hanimägi, Andre; Korts, Külliki, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
This study focuses on researching the war between Russia and Georgia and how it was reflected in the British newspaper The Daily telegraph and in the German newspaper Die Welt. The conflict, which started in the night before the 8th of August, when fighting erupted between Georgia and South-Ossetia, quickly escalated to a war between Russia and Georgia. About 800 people lost their lives. Over 100000 people had to leave their homes. The war created lots of problems in the relationships of different states. Questions rose, whether Russia was as harmless as it wanted to show. The relationship between the two superpowers – USA and Russia – got far colder. Considering, that the conflict received a lot of media coverage, and that public opinion was important to both parties – the author of this work allows himself to call the war between Russia and Georgia also a media war. The mass media plays an important role in developing a person´s world image. People greatly depend on the media for finding information about foreigner affairs. A person adjusts his or her opinion to be more in correspondence with the opinion given in the media. The journalist’s role writing about a conflict is rather complicated. Access to the conflict zone is a very important factor, but during war time, media is mostly put under censorship, and the access to these zones is denied. People also trust legit world leaders, if it is an urgent foreigner affair. That is why politics and the opinion of politicians are very important. Using content analysis, the author coded 134 articles from The Daily Telegraph and Die Welt online, which were published on the 8th of August to the 14th of August. Searching answers to the questions, where the information was received in the articles, who was more represented in the articles and what was the reaction of the world leaders to the war, the author tries to answer who´s vision of the war is portrayed more in the media. After the coding and analysis, the author found that Russia was seen more negatively then Georgia. At the same time however, the author cannot say, that one side of the conflict was more favored then the other.