Sirvi Märksõna "Internet voting" järgi

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Code Voting for Swiss Internet Voting
(2022) Moser, Florian
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Features and usage of Belenios in 2022
(2022) Glondu, Stéphane; Gaudry, Pierrick; Cortier, Véronique
Belenios is an open-source Internet voting protocol associated to a free voting platform, launched in 2015. A detailed overview of the protocol has been presented in [6] in 2019 and its complete, up-todate specification is public [7]. Since 2019, the use of Belenios has significantly increased with more than 1,400 elections organized each year in 2020 and 2021, and a total of more than 100,000 received ballots. We report here on the new features added to Belenios since 2019 that include weighted votes, flexible counting methods (e.g. Condorcet or STV) thanks to mixnets, and crowdsourced translation with the support of more than 10 languages. Moreover, we have improved the auditability of Belenios in practice, both for voters and authorities.
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Internet voting for open government: what, why, and how to introduce it in European countries
(EDDA-ECAS, 2023-04) Khutkyy, Dmytro; Lironi, Elisa
Many countries on the European continent have already established solid national procedures ensuring transparency, participation, and accountability. However, these can be further strengthened by applying the open government approach with a special emphasis on innovative and digital technologies. Amongst these processes, internet voting (i-voting) stands out as being capable of empowering people with more feasible direct participation in policy making. This paper refers to the concepts and models of open government and i-voting, provides examples, outlines preconditions, discusses risks, and offers recommendations for introducing i-voting, especially at the national level. It is intended as an inspirational paper for advancing open government and i-voting.
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Internet voting for open government: what, why, and how to introduce it in local communities
(EDDA-ECAS, 2023-04) Khutkyy, Dmytro; Lironi, Elisa
A number of local communities in Europe have introduced elements of transparency, participation, and accountability in their municipalities. Still, given the abundance of available data and civic engagement forms, there is always a potential for further development. This is especially promising with the help of the open government framework that encourages the introduction of innovative and digital technologies. One notable tool is internet voting (i-voting) since it is able to empower people with a more direct and influential voice in local policy making. Thereby, this paper suggests some concepts and models of open government and i-voting, provides several examples, outlines preconditions, discusses risks, and offers recommendations for introducing i-voting and enhancing open government. This brief is designed as a source of ideas for advancing open government and i-voting in local communities.
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Internet voting for open government: what, why, and how to introduce it in the European Union
(EDDA-ECAS, 2023-04) Khutkyy, Dmytro; Lironi, Elisa
In recent decades, the European Union (EU) has introduced multiple elements of transparency, participation, and accountability in its decision-making processes. Yet, these can always be enhanced by applying the open government approach that puts a special emphasis on innovative and digital technologies. One of such technologies is internet voting (i-voting), which can empower people with more direct participation in policy making. This paper refers to the concepts and models of open government and i-voting, provides examples, outlines preconditions, discusses risks, and offers recommendations for introducing i-voting. It is intended as an inspirational paper for advancing open government and i-voting at the EU level.
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Internet Voting for Policy Proposals: Amplifying Open Government in Chile and Colombia
(JeDEM, 2023-10-18) Khutkyy, Dmytro; Laureda, Eduardo Astudillo
This paper investigates the impact of internet voting for draft policy proposals in the framework of Open Government Partnership, on the whole ecosystem of open government in Chile and Colombia. The research objective is, to identify the impact of i-voting for policy proposals on voters, civil society organizations, government authorities and open government overall, taking into account public transparency, civic participation and public accountability. Methodologically, this international comparison of case studies has employed a mixed methods approach including the analysis of applied reports, legislation, social media and expert interviews. It was found that in Chile and Colombia, the i-voting for policy proposals helped bridge remote parts of the countries and thus, make democratic participation more inclusive. Ultimately, the non-binding consultative i-voting for draft open government policies in both countries empowered civil society, working in the open government domain to advocate sectoral policies to be introduced by the government.
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Internet voting in Estonia 2005–2019: Evidence from eleven elections
(2022) Ehin, Piret; Solvak, Mihkel; Willemson, Jan; Vinkel, Priit
Internet voting is a highly contested topic in electoral studies. This article examines Internet voting in Estonia over 15 years and 11 nation-wide elections. It focuses on the following questions: How is Internet voting organized and used in Estonia? How have the Estonian Internet voting system and its usage evolved over time? What are the preconditions and consequences of large-scale deployment of Internet voting? The results suggest that the rapid uptake and burgeoning usage rates reflect the system's embeddedness in a highly developed digital state and society. Through continuous technological and legal innovation and development, Estonia has built an advanced Internet voting system that complies with normative standards for democratic elections and is widely trusted and used by the voters. Internet voting has not boosted turnout in a setting where voting was already easily accessible. Neither has it created digital divides: Internet voting in Estonia has diffused to the extent that socio-demographic characteristics no longer predict usage. This, combined with massive uptake, reduces incentives for political parties to politicize the novel voting mode.
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Internet Voting is Being Pushed by False Claims and Deceptive Marketing
(2022) Greenhalgh, Susan
While the convenience of voting from a computer or smartphone over the Internet may seem to be desirable, there is overwhelming evidence that ballots cast electronically cannot be adequately secured to protect the legitimacy of the votes and integrity of our elections. Despite these conclusion, online voting has only increased in the U.S. This begs the question, why? From public statements, news reports, press releases and marketing materials it becomes evident that the vendors of these online voting systems have been selling their systems to state and local officials with potentially false, misleading and/or deceptive marketing claims. These spurious claims have served to counter the scientific conclusion that online voting is dangerously insecure and unsuitable for public elections. Moreover, these specious assertions promising security have led state and local government officials to believe, incorrectly, that online voting can be secured, and for these officials to support or press for legislation to adopt and/or expand online voting. This paper examines spurious or false claims made by the two most prominent Internet voting system vendors in the United States, and the impact these false claims have had on laws and policies to adopt online voting.
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Internet voting: The role of personality traits and trust across three parliamentary elections in Estonia
(Springer, 2022-09-24) Sindermann, Cornelia; Rozgonjuk, Dmitri; Solvak, Mihkel; Realo, Anu; Vassil, Kristjan
Some countries offer options to vote in elections remotely via the internet. However, not all voters take up this opportunity. This study investigates the role of the Five-Factor Model personality traits in the choice to use internet voting, and the potential mediating effects of trust in internet voting, controlling for sociodemographic variables. Survey data collected after national elections in Estonia in 2011 (N = 482), 2015 (N = 535), and 2019 (N = 546) were analyzed. Agreeableness was positively correlated with trust in internet voting in all samples. Additionally, Agreeableness was related to internet voting via trust, but not in all samples. Internet voting was predicted by higher trust in internet voting, better PC literacy, and speaking Estonian at home, across all samples. These results indicate that easy access to, and trust in, internet voting may play a bigger role in the decision to use internet voting than personality traits.
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Pandemic-proof elections: Did COVID-19 increase the use of Internet voting?
(Department for E-Governance and Administration, University for Continuing Education Krems, 2025-12-31) Romanov, Bogdan; Solvak, Mihkel
COVID-19 forced governments to postpone elections, potentially jeopardizing the func-tionality of democratic societies by delaying regime legitimization. However, theoretically, In-ternet voting, as a mode of absentee voting, can easily overcome the pandemic circumstances by reducing the electorate's voting costs, yet the connection was not discovered. Hence, in this re-search, we decided to shed light on how COVID-19 affected voting costs and Internet voting usage, especially across at-risk groups. As a result, we explored that in the state with homogeneous i-voting diffusion, COVID-19 did not impact paper-voting and i-voting turnout, in general, and amidst the elderly population as well. First of all, these findings illustrate the existence of a saturation point in the technology acceptance rate. Additionally, the article discusses the theo-retical-empirical conceptualization of voting costs and the causal mechanism of the pandemic and turnout.
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State versus Technology: What drives trust in and usage of internet voting, institutional or technological trust?
(Elsevier, 2025-09-05) Romanov, Bogdan; Duenas Cid, David; Leets, Peeter
This study examines the combined influence of technological and institutional trust on citizens’ perceptions of and engagement with Internet voting, addressing gaps in the literature on digital governance and trust. While prior research often treats these trust dimensions separately, this article explores their interplay within the context of Estonia, which has utilized Internet voting for two decades. By constructing composite indices for technological and institutional trust through factor analysis, the study offers a novel methodological approach to operationalizing trust in digital governance (within the article, digital governance and e-governance are used interchangeably) research in general and Internet voting in particular, based on post-electoral survey data. Applying linear and logistic regression analyses, the study explicitly examines how these trust dimensions affect citizens’ trust in Internet voting systems and their actual use of such technology. The findings reveal that institutional trust is significantly more influential than technological trust, consistently emerging as the primary driver for both trusting Internet voting and engaging in its usage. Technological trust, in contrast, demonstrates only marginal predictive strength, highlighting the greater importance citizens place on institutional legitimacy, transparency, and accountability. These results emphasize the compensatory nature of institutional trust, suggesting that robust institutional frameworks allow citizens to confidently engage with complex technological systems despite limited technical understanding. Consequently, this research enhances theoretical insights into trust dynamics within digital governance, particularly in contexts where political sensitivity and institutional credibility significantly impact technology adoption.
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Technology and democracy: the who and how in decision-making. The cases of Estonia and Catalonia
(2022) Borge, Rosa; Brugué, Joaquim; Duenas-Cid, David
This paper focusses on the use of technology to improve democracy, comparing the cases of Estonia and Catalonia. Both examples are closely related in their use of technology to further democratize the decision-making processes, but have opposite starting points. Estonia’s internet voting system is an offshoot of the comprehensive e-governance system developed by the Estonian government. It is meant to make it more convenient for people to vote and, thus, easier for them to take part in elections. In Catalonia, the online participation system Decidim, initially set up in the city of Barcelona, represents a bottom-up project that emerged from the 15 May protests and aims to make the representa-tive democratic system more direct and participatory. In our comparison we approach both paradigmatic cases from a theoretical reflection on the ideal types of democracy in relation to how decisions are made and by whom. Both projects have evolved and integrated new features that draw them together. First, internet voting is able to reach wider portions of society and digitally transform the Public Administration. Second, online participation platforms increase the potential for collecting citizens’ proposals and enriching discussions. These features make them more like a mixed model which, in the current model of representative democracy, creates spaces for a more direct and deliberative democracy.