UPTAKE 2016. aasta publikatsioonid
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10062/58021
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Item The Baltic Sea Region: practising security at the overlap of the European and the post-Soviet society of states(2016) Linsenmaier, ThomasThe chapter ‘The Baltic Sea Region: Practicing Security at the Overlap of the European and the Post-Soviet Society of States’ puts forward an interpretative framework for understanding the political dynamics currently on display in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). It does so from the perspective of the English School of International Relations, approaching the BSR as a particular sub-set of relations, a borderland, in the wider interplay between the European and the post-Soviet regional international society. Given Russia’s presence as the ‘Other within’, events occurring in the wider constellation, such as the conflict in Ukraine, affect also Baltic Sea regionalism and the security constellation in the area. With ambiguity over Russia’s normative outlook resolved, the patterns of regional differentiation cutting across the BSR become manifest. Cooperative frameworks in the area have come under strain and patterns of securitisation increasingly diverge along the regional divide. Drawing on the conceptual apparatus of the English School, the chapter suggests understanding security practice in the BSR before the background of the interplay of two regional international societies, the European and the post-Soviet regional international society.Item Borders in the Baltic Sea Region: Suturing the Ruptures(London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) Makarychev, AndreyBased on different case studies, the chapters collected in this volume contribute to the conceptualization of the BSR as a particular borderland case, for example, a complex regional formation located at the intersection of different cultural, ethnic, religious and civilizational flows and polesItem Both in-between and out: national sovereignty and cross-border governmentality in the Euro 2012 in Lviv(London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (New Georgaphies of Europe)., 2016) Makarychev, Andrey; Yatsyk, AlexandraThe chapter focuses on the case of Lviv as a host city of UEFA Cup in 2012, and approaches this case study from the perspective of governmentalityItem Celebrating Borderlands in a Wider Europe. Nations and Identities in Ukraine, Georgia and Estonia(2016) Makarychev, Andrey; Yatsyk, AlexandraThe book deploys borderland identities of a group of post-Soviet countries into the reviving binary logic of EU – Russia conflictual interactionItem Charting informal engagement between de facto states: a quantitative analysis(2016) Toomla, RaulAlthough being considered illegal entities and largely ignored, de facto states have received some extent of acceptance such as foreign representations short of embassies located in their capitals. This paper examines the conditions which lead to this informal engagement measured by the number of foreign representations to the contested states. We study the position of non-recognised states in the international system and the factors that condition this position. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this paper establishes sufficient and/or necessary conditions that lead to more informal diplomacy between established states and their non-recognised counterparts using data from eight casesItem Claiming the diaspora: Russia's compatriot policy and its reception by Estonian-Russian population(2016) Kallas, KristinaNearly a decade ago Russia took a turn from declarative compatriot protection discourse to a more programmatic approach consolidating large Russophone1 populations abroad and connecting them more with Russia by employing the newly emerged concept of Russkiy Mir as a unifying factor for Russophones around the world. Most academic debates have since focused on analyzing Russkiy Mir as Russia’s soft power tool. This article looks at Russia’s compatriot policy from the perspective of the claimed compatriot populations themselves. It is a single empirical in - depth case study of Russia’s compatriot policy and its reception by the Russian-speaking community in Estonia. The focus is on Russia’s claims on the Russophone population of Estonia and the reactions and perceptions of Russia’s ambitions by the Estonian-Russians themselves.Item The Europeanization of foreign policy in the face of the Russian disinformation war(Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, 2016) Vilson, MailiSince 2014 a key development emerging from the crisis in Ukraine has been the extensive use of various disinformation and propaganda techniques used by Russia against not only Ukraine, but also against the European Union (EU) member states and the West in general. While such campaigns were gradually acknowledged in Berlin, Brussels, and Washington, the reactions of the EU and NATO came with a long delay. This article focuses on the institutional and political (re)actions of the EU to the Russian disinformation campaign against the European Union member states and Eastern neigh-borhood countries after the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014. The key developments are the launch of a special Eastern StratCom Task Force within the EEAS as a completely new institutional formation, the adoption of the Action Plan for Strategic Communication, and the increased financial support for the European Endowment for Democracy. Tracing the EU collective response indicates that there was a decision of the member states to favor an EU-level solution over a solely national one in the foreign policy arena. This article argues that these developments are indicative of the Europeanization of the foreign policies of the member states, which is in itself a remarkable development given the altered European security environment.Item Historia de los Estados bálticos(Barcelona : Bellaterra, 2016) Kasekamp, AndresEstonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been the battleground for neighbouring powers and the site of intense rivalry, but also interaction, between East and West. A History of the Baltic States masterfully traces the development of these three Baltic countries, from the northern crusades against Europe's last pagans, and Lithuania's rise to become one of medieval Europe's largest states, to their incorporation into the Russian Empire and the creation of their modern national identities. Drawing upon the most recent scholarship, Andres Kasekamp pays particular attention to the tumultuous twentieth century, during which the Baltic States achieved independence, but also endured occupation by both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Finally, he explores how the Baltic States recovered their statehood and transformed themselves into members of the European Union. Clearly and accessibly written, this is one of the first English-language books to provide a comparative survey of Baltic history.Item How do you tailor diplomatic training? Sizing up peer institutions and their training practices for the Diplomatic School of Armenia(2016) Berg, EikiThe Diplomatic School of Armenia (est. in 2009) explored how its peer institutions were organized, how they tailored their training programmes and how any existing structures and practices could be suited for Armenia. This paper reviews part of a comparative study which was carried out in 2013–2014. We include a sample of 14 institutes and training centres, ranging from countries which had diplomatic training fully integrated into the ministerial structures to those where the institute had become an entirely separate entity; including states where training focused strictly on skills development, as well as those cases where the focus had turned to offering post-graduate studies. It appears that all peer institutions have followed unprecedented development paths, becoming today’s diplomatic training centres, schools and academies. This made the tailoring exercise for Armenia even more challenging.Item Ice Hockey World Championship in Belarus: Political Context(2016) Nizhnikau, RyhorThe chapter claims that promotion of mass and elite sport has a special place in Lukashenka’s domestic policies, which made the 2014 Ice Hockey World Championship in Minsk a politically important event for the regime. The authors show how the Belorussian government uses sports to promote its domestic and international agenda and those aims which the state attains through hosting the World Championship. The chapter discusses different facets of politicization of this event.Item Introduction(2016) Berg, Eiki; Riegl, Martin; Doboš, BohumilItem The Limits to Russian Soft Power in Georgia(2016) Makarychev, AndreyThis paper looks at conditions that stipulated the emergence of soft power as a peculiar type of discourse and policy practice in Russia, with a particular focus on Russian-Georgian relationsItem Nation Building, Political Boundaries and Cultural Authenticity: Post-Soviet Borderlands in Transformation(Cambridge Scholars Publshing, 2016) Makarychev, Andrey; Yatsyk, AlexandraBased on a comparative analysis of the cases of Ukraine, Georgia and Estonia, the article argues that cultural semantics of the performative events are constitutive for borderland identities-in-the-making.Item Promoting stability in the Middle East? The American alliance with Saudi Arabia after the “Rebalance”(Helsinki: Finnish Institute of International Affairs, 2016) McNamara, Eoin MicheálItem Restraining Rivalries? US Alliance Policy and the Challenges of Regional Security in the Middle East and East Asia(Royal Irish Academy, 2016) McNamara, Eoin MicheálBarack Obama’s US presidency clearly signalled that America aims to re-order its foreign policy preferences to emphasise Asia. This article examines the challenges for US alliance management in the Middle East and East Asia, the two regions that have encountered the sharpest turnaround in terms of the US strategic attention received, as measured by the past decade. The threat of regional rivalries, linked to wider nuclear proliferation, lingers over both these regions. In addressing the Middle East, this article will focus on the problematic US-Saudi alliance; this arrangement represents a fragile regional linchpin, preventing further nuclear proliferation and regional destabilisation. By comparison, East Asia is a far more stable security order. However, it is argued that the US will continue to face a difficult balancing act between its accommodation of China’s ‘peaceful rise’ and the credible assurance of its nervous allies: Japan, Taiwan and South Korea.Item Rocking the Sochi Olympics Narrative: Boris Nemtsov and Putin’s Sovereignty(2016) Makarychev, AndreyThe authors analyze Nemtsov’s contribution to the Olympic debate from the viewpoint of his public activism, as well as in terms of some concepts embedded in different political theoriesItem Russia “Understanders” in Europe: Discourses, Communication, Consequences / Россия и ее «понимающие» союзники: Дискурсы, коммуникация, последствия(2016) Makarychev, Andrey; Braghiroli, StefanoThe article discusses how and to what extent non-mainstream political parties in EU member states can be sensitive and responsive to the Kremlin-imposed political agendaItem Russia’s neighbourhood policy: Conflictual contexts and factors of change(Helsinki: Finnish Institute of International Affairs., 2016) Makarychev, AndreyThe chapter analyses factors shaping Russia's relations with post-Soviet neighbours in the context of global politicsItem Russia-EU Borderlands after the Ukraine Crisis: the Case of Narva(London and New York: Routledge, 2016) Makarychev, Andrey; Yatsyk, AlexandraThe authors contribute to the ongoing problematization of the Russian – Estonian border issues by specifically addressing the case of Narva from different research perspectives grounded in critical border studies that is premised on unpacking different meanings of borders and their ability to play constitutive roles for political relation and subjectivitiesItem The Russian Federation and European Union against Corruption: A Slight Misunderstanding?(Routledge Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2016) Pavlova, ElenaIt was hoped that the Partnership for Modernisation would improve the troubled relationship between the Russian Federation and the European Union (EU), but it has fallen far short of expectations. Moreover, the disagreement between the two parties has been evident not only on such predictably conflictual topics as human rights but also in the areas where mutual understanding would have seemed likely to have been achieved. This article analyses one of these topics, the fight against corruption, as it is defined in the Russian discourse. It is argued that the Russian discourse on corruption exists at three levels, which do not overlap at all. The first level is the official definition of corruption; the second is ‘home corruption’, which is interpreted only as an economic problem and frequently understood as a part of the socio-economic system and the third level – that of political opposition, where the fight against corruption, although being the axial line for the articulation of the protest agenda, has nothing to do with the anti-corruption fight as such. As a result, the Russian and the EU discourses have little in common, which presents some problems for future cooperation.