Das „Liv-, Est- und Curlaendische Privatrecht” (1864/65) und das römische Recht im Baltikum
Kuupäev
2011-05-31
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Doktoritöös käsitletakse Rooma õiguse kehtivust 19. sajandi Balti provintsides enne ja pärast Balti Eraseaduse (BES) jõustumist. BESi on iseloomustatud senikehtinud õiguse koguna – selle väite paikapidavust on töös analüüsitud ümbertöötamise instituudi näitel. Töös jõuti järeldusele, et väide ei pea alati paika. Samas ei saa ka öelda, et BES oleks läbinisti kehtinud õigust reforminud seadustik. Igal üksikjuhul tuleb aga kontrollida, kas tegemist oli varem kehtinud õiguse koondamise või uue kehtestamisega.
Teiseks on töös uuritud senikehtinud õiguste, m.h Rooma õiguse, ning uue õigusallika ‚kodifikatsioon’ vahekorda ning viimase mõju Rooma õiguse kehtivusele. Võiks arvata, et BESi mõju senistele õigusallikatele oli samasugune nagu mujal Euroopas ja et Rooma õigus kaotas senise staatuse kehtiva subsidiaarõigusena. Nii oligi kodifitseeritud Rooma õiguse puhul – see muutus provintsiaalõiguseks. Erandjuhul, lünga puhul aga kinnitati seniste subsidiaarõigust, k.a Rooma õiguse kehtivust. Siiski muutus Rooma õigus nüüd teaduse jaoks ainult õigusajalukku kuuluvaks õiguseks.
Rooma õiguse osakaalu BESis hinnati 19. sajandil väga suureks. Hiljuti väitis aga M. Luts, et BES ei tähendanud mitte „Rooma õiguse teist retseptsiooni“, vaid „esimesele retseptsioonile kindlate piiride seadmist“. BESi koostaja F. G. v. Bunge kirjutisi analüüsides selgus, et nendes on toetuspunkte mõlema seisukoha kinnituseks ja et tema arvamus on aja jooksul muutunud. Bunge tegevust BESi koostamisel ja Rooma õiguse osakaalu on töös analüüsitud väljavalitud instituutide pinnalt. Selleks on kontrollitud BESi roomaõiguslike viidete vastavust artiklitekstile ja artiklitekstide päritolu. Rooma õiguse viited artiklitekstide all osutusid sageli asjakohatuteks, samas oli enamasti siiski vähemalt üks neist õige. Viidete eesmärk oli esiteks täita ettenähtud juhist ja näidata, et BES on varemkehtinud õiguse kogu. Teiseks aga legitimeerida seadustikku nii Vene keskvõimu kui kohalike juristide silmis. Artiklite päritolu uurides oli võimalik parandada seniseid seisukohti BESi eeskujude osas. Hoolimata ohtratest allikaviidetest ja Rooma õiguse õpikute kasutamisest tuleb nõustuda M. Lutsuga, et pigem on Rooma õigusele BESis selged piirid kehtestatud.
This PhD thesis deals with the validity of Roman law in Baltic provinces in the 19th century before and after the entry into force of the Baltic Private Law Act (BPLA). BPLA has been regarded as the collection of laws that was in force so far – the credibility of this statement has been analyzed by setting production institute as an example. The present thesis draws the conclusion that the aforementioned statement cannot always be considered true. At the same time, it is not possible to state that BPLA is the code of law that reformed completely the valid law. However, one has to check on every single occasion if it concerns the amalgamation of law that was previously in force or the establishment of a new law. Secondly, the thesis examines the relationship between the laws in force so far, including, inter alia, Roman law, and a new source of law - codification’ - and the impact of the latter on the validity of Roman law. One could easily believe that the impact of BPLA on the sources of law that were in force so far was the same as elsewhere in Europe and Roman law lost its status as the valid subsidiary law. This is applicable to the codified Roman law that became provincial law. In exceptional cases, upon occurrence of a gap, the validity of previous subsidiary laws, including Roman law, was approved. However, scientists started to regard Roman law merely as a part of legal history. The proportion of Roman law in BPLA was considered huge in the 19th century. M. Luts has recently noted that BPLA did not mean „the second reception of Roman law“, but „setting specific boundaries for the first reception”. The analysis of the works of F. G. v. Bunge, the compiler of BPLA, revealed that there are justifications for both statements and his opinion has changed over the years. In the present thesis, role of Bunge in the preparation of BPLA and the proportion of the Roman law have been analysed on the basis of selected institutes. In order to achieve that goal, one has verified the compatibility of the references to Roman law with the article text and the origin of article texts. On many occasions, the references to Roman law under the article texts turned out to be irrelevant. However, at least one of these references was appropriate in most of the cases. Firstly, the purpose of the references was to adhere to the required guidelines and to show that BPLA is the collection of laws which was previously in force. Secondly, these references were given for the purpose of legitimizing the code of laws both for Russian central authorities and local lawyers. Examination of the origin of these articles enabled to amend the previously submitted opinions about the prototypes of BPLA. Regardless of frequent references to the sources and use of Roman law textbooks, one has to agree with M. Luts who is of the opinion that BPLA sets clear boundaries for Roman law.
This PhD thesis deals with the validity of Roman law in Baltic provinces in the 19th century before and after the entry into force of the Baltic Private Law Act (BPLA). BPLA has been regarded as the collection of laws that was in force so far – the credibility of this statement has been analyzed by setting production institute as an example. The present thesis draws the conclusion that the aforementioned statement cannot always be considered true. At the same time, it is not possible to state that BPLA is the code of law that reformed completely the valid law. However, one has to check on every single occasion if it concerns the amalgamation of law that was previously in force or the establishment of a new law. Secondly, the thesis examines the relationship between the laws in force so far, including, inter alia, Roman law, and a new source of law - codification’ - and the impact of the latter on the validity of Roman law. One could easily believe that the impact of BPLA on the sources of law that were in force so far was the same as elsewhere in Europe and Roman law lost its status as the valid subsidiary law. This is applicable to the codified Roman law that became provincial law. In exceptional cases, upon occurrence of a gap, the validity of previous subsidiary laws, including Roman law, was approved. However, scientists started to regard Roman law merely as a part of legal history. The proportion of Roman law in BPLA was considered huge in the 19th century. M. Luts has recently noted that BPLA did not mean „the second reception of Roman law“, but „setting specific boundaries for the first reception”. The analysis of the works of F. G. v. Bunge, the compiler of BPLA, revealed that there are justifications for both statements and his opinion has changed over the years. In the present thesis, role of Bunge in the preparation of BPLA and the proportion of the Roman law have been analysed on the basis of selected institutes. In order to achieve that goal, one has verified the compatibility of the references to Roman law with the article text and the origin of article texts. On many occasions, the references to Roman law under the article texts turned out to be irrelevant. However, at least one of these references was appropriate in most of the cases. Firstly, the purpose of the references was to adhere to the required guidelines and to show that BPLA is the collection of laws which was previously in force. Secondly, these references were given for the purpose of legitimizing the code of laws both for Russian central authorities and local lawyers. Examination of the origin of these articles enabled to amend the previously submitted opinions about the prototypes of BPLA. Regardless of frequent references to the sources and use of Roman law textbooks, one has to agree with M. Luts who is of the opinion that BPLA sets clear boundaries for Roman law.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
Balti provnintsiaalseadustik, Balti kubermangud, õigusloome, õigusajalugu, Rooma õigus, 19. saj., dissertatsioonid, Baltic private law act, Baltic provinces, legislation, legal history, Roman law, 19th century