Electrical double-layer capacitors based on ionic liquids as electrolytes
Date
2011-11-18
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Abstract
Elektrilise kaksikkihi kondensaatorid ehk superkondensaatorid on uudsed energiasalvestusseadmed. Võrreldes patareidega on superkondensaatoritel pikem ekspluatatsiooni aeg ning palju kiirem laadimise ja tühjenemise aeg. Seetõttu sobivad superkondensaatorid seadmetesse, kus vajatakse tihedalt korduvaid ja suurt võimsust tagavaid vooluimpulsse. Näiteks kasutatakse superkondensaatoreid tõstukites, bussides, prügiveoautodes, kruvikeerajates, mänguasjades jne. suure hetkevõimsuse saavutamiseks.
Antud töös uuritakse toatemperatuuril vedelate soolade ehk ioonsete vedelike kasutamist superkondensaatorite elektrolüüdina. Hinnatakse erinevate ioonsete vedelike keemilise koostise, füüsikaliste omaduste ja temperatuuri mõju superkondensaatori elektrilistele omadustele. Ioonsetel vedelikel baseeruvaid superkondensaatoreid võrreldakse teistel elektrolüütidel baseeruvate superkondensaatoritega. Esitatud andmete põhjal soovitati uuritud ioonsete vedelike hulgast superkondensaatorite elektrolüüdiks kahte ioonset vedelikku (1-etüül-3-metüülimidasoolium tetrafluoroboraati ja 1-etüül-3-metüülimidasoolium tetratsüaanoboraati) kuna need tagasid suurima võimsuse superkondensaatori tühjakslaadimisel.
Electrical double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors are novel energy storage devices. Compared to batteries, supercapacitors have longer life-time and much faster charging and discharging times. For these reasons supercapacitors are suitable for applications requiring repetitious current impulses with high power density. For example, supercapacitors are used in loaders, busses, garbage trucks, screwdrivers, toys etc. In this thesis, applicability limits of ionic liquids (salts liquid at room temperature) as electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors are studied. The influence of chemical composition, physical properties of ionic liquids and influence of temperature to the electrical behavior of supercapacitors is estimated. Supercapacitors based on ionic liquids are compared to supercapacitors based on other non-aqueous electrolytes. On the basis of data established two ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate) from ionic liquids studied are suggested as potential electrolytes for supercapacitors as they provide highest power during the discharge of supercapacitor.
Electrical double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors are novel energy storage devices. Compared to batteries, supercapacitors have longer life-time and much faster charging and discharging times. For these reasons supercapacitors are suitable for applications requiring repetitious current impulses with high power density. For example, supercapacitors are used in loaders, busses, garbage trucks, screwdrivers, toys etc. In this thesis, applicability limits of ionic liquids (salts liquid at room temperature) as electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors are studied. The influence of chemical composition, physical properties of ionic liquids and influence of temperature to the electrical behavior of supercapacitors is estimated. Supercapacitors based on ionic liquids are compared to supercapacitors based on other non-aqueous electrolytes. On the basis of data established two ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate) from ionic liquids studied are suggested as potential electrolytes for supercapacitors as they provide highest power during the discharge of supercapacitor.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.
Keywords
kondensaatorid (elektr.), elektriline kaksikkiht, ioonsend vedelikud, capacitors, electric double layer, ionic liquids