Omavalitsuseta omavalitsused. Halduskorraldus Eestis Saksa okupatsiooni ajal 1941–1944
Kuupäev
2012-08-22
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Teise maailmasõja aegne Saksa okupatsioon on olulisel määral kujundanud Eesti lähiajalugu ja inimeste suhtumist ning arusaama sellesse. Samas on perioodi käsitlemine akadeemilises ajalooteaduses olnud seni äärmiselt tagasihoidlik.
Käesolev uurimus analüüsib Saksamaa totalitaarse süsteemi administratiivõiguse käsitust okupeeritud Eesti halduskorralduse näite varal, tuues võrdlusi sündmustega Lätis ja Leedus.
Eesti ei osalenud riigina Teises maailmasõjas, kuid sellegi poolest tegutsesid Eestis haldusvõimu taastamisel Saksa sõjaväe- ja tsiviilasutuste kõrval kolm selgelt eristuvat omamaist osapoolt. Jüri Uluotsa ümber kogunenud rahvuslikud poliitringkonnad ja omaalgatuslikult tegevust taastavad kohalikud omavalitsused lähtusid oma tegevuses Eesti Vabariigi seadusandlusest. Kolmanda osapoole moodustasid Hjalmar Mäe ümber koondunud saksasõbralikud tegelased (hilisem nn Eesti Omavalitsus), kes tegutsesid otseselt Saksa võimude usaldusisikutena. Neist kaks, kohalikud omavalitsused ja H. Mäe juhitud Eesti Omavalitsus, kujundati ka formaalselt Saksa tsiviilhalduse täitevvõimu asutusteks.
Sõja kestel välja kuulutatud reformid deklareerisid halduskorralduse lihtsustamist ja otsustusprotsessi viimist madalale tasemele. Tegelikkuses toimus riigivõimu edasine tsentraliseerimine ning Eestis toimivat halduskorraldust asuti ühtlustama Reichis kehtiva korraga.
The German occupation during the Second World War has had a significant effect in shaping Estonia’s recent history and people’s attitudes towards and understanding of that history. At the same time, the treatment of this period in academic historical research has been extremely modest thus far. This dissertation analyses how Germany’s totalitarian system treated administrative law according to the example of the administrative order in occupied Estonia, with comparisons to events in Latvia and Lithuania. Estonia did not participate as a country in the Second World War, yet three clearly distinct local groups were nevertheless active alongside German military and civilian institutions in restoring administrative authority in Estonia. Nationalist political circles that assembled around Jüri Uluots, and local governments that began functioning again on their own initiative based their actions on legislation of the Republic of Estonia. The third participating group was formed by pro-German figures (the later so called Estonian Self-Administration) who assembled around Hjalmar Mäe and acted directly as the confidants of the German authorities. Two of these groups, the local governments and the Estonian Self-Administration headed by H. Mäe, were also formally formed into institutions of executive power in the German civilian administration. Reforms announced during the war declared the simplification of the administrative order and that the decision-making process was being brought to a lower, more local level. In actual fact, the continued centralisation of state power took place and the authorities set about harmonising the administrative order functioning in Estonia with the order in effect in the Reich.
The German occupation during the Second World War has had a significant effect in shaping Estonia’s recent history and people’s attitudes towards and understanding of that history. At the same time, the treatment of this period in academic historical research has been extremely modest thus far. This dissertation analyses how Germany’s totalitarian system treated administrative law according to the example of the administrative order in occupied Estonia, with comparisons to events in Latvia and Lithuania. Estonia did not participate as a country in the Second World War, yet three clearly distinct local groups were nevertheless active alongside German military and civilian institutions in restoring administrative authority in Estonia. Nationalist political circles that assembled around Jüri Uluots, and local governments that began functioning again on their own initiative based their actions on legislation of the Republic of Estonia. The third participating group was formed by pro-German figures (the later so called Estonian Self-Administration) who assembled around Hjalmar Mäe and acted directly as the confidants of the German authorities. Two of these groups, the local governments and the Estonian Self-Administration headed by H. Mäe, were also formally formed into institutions of executive power in the German civilian administration. Reforms announced during the war declared the simplification of the administrative order and that the decision-making process was being brought to a lower, more local level. In actual fact, the continued centralisation of state power took place and the authorities set about harmonising the administrative order functioning in Estonia with the order in effect in the Reich.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
halduskorraldus, haldusajalugu, Saksa okupatsioon, okupatsioonipoliitika, Teine maailmasõda, 1939-1945, kollaboratsioon, Eesti, administrative order, administrative history, German occupation, occupation policy, World War II, collaboration, Estonia