Regulation of virulence in plant-pathogenic pectobacteria
Kuupäev
2012-10-16
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Tühi kõht tekitab meie organismis mitmeid muutusi: kõht hakkab korisema, muutume kärsituks ja õige pea suundume toitu hankima. Kõik selleks, et näljast võitu saada. Bakterid, olgugi, et meist enam kui miljon korda väiksemad, on samuti võimelised toidu puudust või olemasolu tunnetama ja vastavalt reageerima. Minu uurimistöö objektiks on bakter, Pectobacterium wasabiae, kes konkureerib meiega näiteks kartuli ja porgandi pärast. Inimese seisukohalt on need bakterid taimekahjurid, sest nad vähendavad meie toidu hulka ja kvaliteeti. Nimelt muutuvad bakteriga nakatunud köögiviljad kiiresti mädaseks massiks. Oma doktoriõpingute käigus uurisin, milliste geenide avaldumine määrab, kas levinud kahjur ründab või ei ründa meie toidutaimi. Avastasin, et Pectobacterium perekonda kuuluvatel bakteriliikidel on olemas rakupinnal erilised lülitid, mida mõjutades käivitub rakus doominoefekt - erinevad valgud mõjutavad üksteist ning tulemusena muutub bakteri sisemaailm täielikult. Need rakusisesed ümberkorraldused väljenduvad ka bakteri käitumises: taimekahjur tardub paigale ja peatab taime nakatamiseks vajalike valkude tootmise, muutudes taimele kahjutuks. Tänu minu tööle teame üsna hästi, millised regulaatorvalgud selles sündmustejadas osalevad. Järgmiseks väljakutseks on leida, kuidas avastatud süsteemi käivitada. Kui me suudaksime seda valgumolekulide interaktsiooni põldudel või hoidlas pesitsevates bakterites sisse lülitada, päästaksime suure osa oma toidust.
We feel hunger by rumbling in our stomach. We become restless, and soon set our way to grocery to fight the hunger. Although bacteria are more than million times smaller than we are, they are also able to feel the presence or absence of food resources and react accordingly. The object of my research is a bacterium belonging to the group called Pectobacterium. It eats plants, including those we use for food, such as potato tubers and carrots. Infected vegetables turn rapidly into inedible watery mass reducing quality and amount of our food. The question raised in my thesis is what genes in this bacterium determine whether or not pathogen attacks plants. I discovered a domino effect that is induced using special sensors located near cell surface and spreads inside the bacterium. Different proteins influence each other causing large rearrangements inside the cell. The induced change is also expressed in bacterium´s behaviour: it becomes sessile and stops producing proteins required for plant attack. It becomes harmless. My work has greatly contributed to identification of the players involved in this chain reaction, but how this system is induced is still unknown. Finding the induction mechanism may be a key in saving our food from bacterial destruction.
We feel hunger by rumbling in our stomach. We become restless, and soon set our way to grocery to fight the hunger. Although bacteria are more than million times smaller than we are, they are also able to feel the presence or absence of food resources and react accordingly. The object of my research is a bacterium belonging to the group called Pectobacterium. It eats plants, including those we use for food, such as potato tubers and carrots. Infected vegetables turn rapidly into inedible watery mass reducing quality and amount of our food. The question raised in my thesis is what genes in this bacterium determine whether or not pathogen attacks plants. I discovered a domino effect that is induced using special sensors located near cell surface and spreads inside the bacterium. Different proteins influence each other causing large rearrangements inside the cell. The induced change is also expressed in bacterium´s behaviour: it becomes sessile and stops producing proteins required for plant attack. It becomes harmless. My work has greatly contributed to identification of the players involved in this chain reaction, but how this system is induced is still unknown. Finding the induction mechanism may be a key in saving our food from bacterial destruction.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
taimekahjurid, bakterhaigused, taimehaigused, virulentsus, patogenees, regulatsioon, substraat, plant parasites, bacterial infections, plant diseases, virulence, pathogenesis, regulation, substrate