Exploiting high-throughput data for establishing relationships between genes
Kuupäev
2015-05-15
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Geenid määravad ära, millistest RNA ja valgu molekulidest elusorganism koosneb. Ainult geenide tuvastamisest ei piisa, et aru saada kuidas organism toimib, millal ja kuidas erinevad geenide produktid avalduvad ja mida need teevad. Elusorganismi olemuse mõistmiseks ja bioloogiliste protsesside mõjutamiseks on vajalik aru saada geenide ja valkude omavahelistest seostest. Suure läbilaskevõimega tehnoloogiad võimaldavad hõlpsasti mõõta bioloogiliste protsesside erinevaid tahke. See omakorda on toonud kaasa andmemahtude üha kiireneva kasvutrendi ning vajaduse uute meetodite järele, mis aitaks toorandmeid analüüsida, andmeid omavahel kombineerida ning tulemusi visualiseerida. Samuti on kasvanud vajadus arvutuslike meetoditega katsetada, kas olemasolevad andmemudelid kirjeldavad bioloogilist uurimisobjekti piisavalt täpselt.
Käesolevas uurimistöös on näidatud erinevaid bioinformaatilisi meetodeid, kuidas suuremahuliste ning eritüübiliste eksperimentaalsete andmete kombineerimist saab rakendada geenidevaheliste seoste leidmiseks. Suuremahulistele andmetele on integreerimise ja omavahel võrreldavaks tegemisega võimalik anda lisaväärtust. Töö käigus koondati kokku ja tehti avalikkusele ligipääsetavaks embrüonaalsete tüvirakkude regulatsiooni käsitlevate publikatsioonide lisafailides avaldatud info ESCDb andmebaasi näol. Neid andmeid kasutades on teadlaskonnal võimalik leida geenide vahelisi seoseid, mida eraldiseisvaid andmeid analüüsides ei ole võimalik välja selgitada. Andmebaasi kogutud info kombineerimisel arvutusliku mudeldamisega õnnestus leida käesoleva töö raames uus regulaator embrüonaalsetes tüvirakkudes — IL11.
Lisaks võimaldas erinevate andmetüüpide kombineerimine leida embrüonaalsete tüvirakkude keskse regulaatori — OCT4 geeni alternatiivsed märklaudgeenide moodulid. Kasutades DNA konserveerumisinfot koos regulatoorsete motiivide analüüsiga leiti kolm uut rasvatüvirakkude diferentseerumise regulaatorvalku. Samuti käsitletakse töös automaatset grupeerimis- ja visualiseerimismetoodikat VisHiC, mis aitab esile tõsta huvitavaid geenigruppe, mida teiste meetoditega edasi uurida.
Töös on näidatud erinevaid suuremahuliste andmestike integreerimise viise, mis võimaldavad leida selliseid geenidevahelisi seoseid, mida ei oleks võimalik leida kui analüüsiksime üht andmestikku korraga.
In order to understand the basic principles of how organisms function, and to be able to affect the biological processes, we need to understand relationships between genes and proteins. Modern high-throughput technology enables to study different sides of biological processes in a rapid manner. This, however, has led to a steady growth of amount of data available. The need for more sophisticated methods for analysing raw data, for combining different data sources, and to visualise the results, has emerged. Additionally, computational modeling is required to test if our understanding of biological processes is supported by the available data. A variety of bioinformatics methods are used to demonstrate how to combine different type of high-throughput data for identifying relationships between genes. Furthermore, it was shown that through combining various data types from different sources adds value to already published data. In the thesis, data from publications about embryonic stem cell regulation were collected together and made available through Embryonic Stem Cell Database (ESCDb). Complementary data in the database allows researchers to find relationships between genes that would not be possible when analysing only one dataset at a time. One of the main findings of this study illustrates how using computational modelling on data from the ESCDb allowed to find a novel pluripotency regulator — IL11. Additionally, integration of different data types led to identification of alternative gene regulatory modules of core pluripotency regulator OCT4. Similarly, combination of conservation data and regulatory motif analysis led to identification of three new regulators of adipocyte differentiation. This thesis also covers innovative methodology, VisHiC, for automatic identification and visualisation of functionally related gene sets. This methodology allows to find relevant gene sets for further characterisation from large high-throughput datasets. This doctoral thesis demonstrates that integration of different high-throughput datasets enables establishing gene-gene relationships that would not be possible when looking at a single data type in isolation.
In order to understand the basic principles of how organisms function, and to be able to affect the biological processes, we need to understand relationships between genes and proteins. Modern high-throughput technology enables to study different sides of biological processes in a rapid manner. This, however, has led to a steady growth of amount of data available. The need for more sophisticated methods for analysing raw data, for combining different data sources, and to visualise the results, has emerged. Additionally, computational modeling is required to test if our understanding of biological processes is supported by the available data. A variety of bioinformatics methods are used to demonstrate how to combine different type of high-throughput data for identifying relationships between genes. Furthermore, it was shown that through combining various data types from different sources adds value to already published data. In the thesis, data from publications about embryonic stem cell regulation were collected together and made available through Embryonic Stem Cell Database (ESCDb). Complementary data in the database allows researchers to find relationships between genes that would not be possible when analysing only one dataset at a time. One of the main findings of this study illustrates how using computational modelling on data from the ESCDb allowed to find a novel pluripotency regulator — IL11. Additionally, integration of different data types led to identification of alternative gene regulatory modules of core pluripotency regulator OCT4. Similarly, combination of conservation data and regulatory motif analysis led to identification of three new regulators of adipocyte differentiation. This thesis also covers innovative methodology, VisHiC, for automatic identification and visualisation of functionally related gene sets. This methodology allows to find relevant gene sets for further characterisation from large high-throughput datasets. This doctoral thesis demonstrates that integration of different high-throughput datasets enables establishing gene-gene relationships that would not be possible when looking at a single data type in isolation.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
geeniekspressioon, geeniregulatsioon, suurandmed, andmeanalüüs, süsteemibioloogia, bioinformaatika, gene expression, gene regulation, big data, data analysis, systems biology, bioinformatics