Managing Imagined Audiences Online: Audience Awareness as a Part of Social Media Literacies
Kuupäev
2017-05-09
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Doktoritöö eesmärk on uurida, kuidas inimesed tajuvad ja konstrueerivad sotsiaalmeediasuhtluses oma kujutletavaid auditooriume ning millised kesksed sotsiaalmeediapädevused auditooriumi tajumisega seonduvad. Lisaks käsitletakse töös loovuurimismeetodi metodoloogilisi võimalusi ning uurija rolli tundlike teemade uurimisel.
Sotsiaalmeedias toimub pidev ja massiline tehnoloogia poolt vahendatud ühisjälgimine, kus kõik kasutajad jälgivad kõiki. Väär ettekujutus enda sotsiaalvõrgustikus tehtud postituste auditooriumist on põhjustanud mitmeid kurikuulsaks saanud nn. avaliku häbistamise juhtumeid, mis on toonud postitajale kaasa eraelulisi või tööalaseid probleeme. Sotsiaalvõrgustikes infot jagades keskendutakse reeglina kujutletava auditooriumi „ideaalsete lugejate“ ootustele ja eeldatavatele reaktsioonidele, st vastuvõtjatele, kes jagavad sõnumi saatja poolt tajutud norme ja väärtusi. Sageli omavad infole ligipääsu ka „košmaarsed lugejad“, kes ei pruugi maailma mõtestada sarnasel viisil ja seega tõlgendavad saadetud sõnumeid ka oodatust erineval viisil.
Kvalitatiivseid meetodeid kasutades uurisin teemat noorte ning nende košmaarsete lugejate, õpetajate kaudu. Noorte jaoks on tehnoloogia poolt vahendatud sotsiaalsus normaalsus, mille juurde kuulub ka enda kohta kõikvõimaliku info jagamine ning vigade tegemine. Ootuspäraselt ei mõista õpetajad nooremate eagruppide poolt omaks võetud uusi norme täiel määral ning sildistavad noori üheltpoolt „võimekateks diginoorteks“, kelle oskustega võistelda ei suudeta, kuid samaaegselt ka „hukkaläinud nooruseks“, kelle online-käitumine tekitab hämmingut.
Kui õpetajad eelistavad eelkõige privaatsust kaitsvaid strateegiaid, mis põhinevad enesetsensuuril ja info leviku kontrollimise püüdel, siis noorte praktikad on mitmekesisemad ning kohati eelistatakse info peitmise asemel peita hoopis sõnumi tähendust või andmeid hägustada.
Doktoritöös on välja toodud alapädevusteks jagunevad laiemad sotsiaalmeediapädevused, mis hõlmavad endas nii teadlikkust auditooriumite erinäolisusest, infole ligipääsu võimaldavaid ja piiravaid strateegiaid kui ka iseenda rolli mõtestamist erinevate massilise ühisjälgimise osalisena, oskust teatud hetkedel astuda auditooriumi liikme rollist teadlikult välja
The aim of this thesis is to explore how people perceive and construct their imagined audiences on social media and which social media literacies are central to the process. In addition, the methodological approach of creative research methods and researcher’s role in studying sensitive topic is analysed. Due to living in technologically mediated continuous mutual surveillance we have witnessed the rise of problematic cases that have sprouted from situations where one has misjudged the size and expectations of their online audience, ending in massive online public shaming and negative consequences in private or professional sphere. When sharing information on social networking sites, people tend to focus on the expectations and anticipated reactions of the „ideal readers“ of their imagined audiences, those perceived to be similar to ourselves. However, „nightmare readers“ who usually decode the messages significantly differently, will also have access to this information. Two groups’ perceptions – the young and their nightmare readers, the teachers – are at the heart of this thesis. For the young, technologically saturated sociality is the new norm, including the disclosure of various types of information about themselves and inevitability of making mistakes online. Interviewed teachers have difficulties in understanding these new norms and label the youth as a „digital generation“ with superior digital skills. At the same time they express juvenoia, the classic „youth is doomed“, based on young people’s online behavior. When teachers have mostly made use of privacy protecting strategies that are based on self-censorship, moderate use and trying to control the spread of the information, the repertoire of strategies for the youth is noticeably wider, often aiming to hide the meaning of the information (e.g. social steganography, shift of responsibility, data obfuscation) rather than information itself. The social media literacies necessary for successful navigation of imagined audiences include being aware of different audiences and their shifting norms, the knowledge and use of audience management strategies and the reaction and restriction of self as audience.
The aim of this thesis is to explore how people perceive and construct their imagined audiences on social media and which social media literacies are central to the process. In addition, the methodological approach of creative research methods and researcher’s role in studying sensitive topic is analysed. Due to living in technologically mediated continuous mutual surveillance we have witnessed the rise of problematic cases that have sprouted from situations where one has misjudged the size and expectations of their online audience, ending in massive online public shaming and negative consequences in private or professional sphere. When sharing information on social networking sites, people tend to focus on the expectations and anticipated reactions of the „ideal readers“ of their imagined audiences, those perceived to be similar to ourselves. However, „nightmare readers“ who usually decode the messages significantly differently, will also have access to this information. Two groups’ perceptions – the young and their nightmare readers, the teachers – are at the heart of this thesis. For the young, technologically saturated sociality is the new norm, including the disclosure of various types of information about themselves and inevitability of making mistakes online. Interviewed teachers have difficulties in understanding these new norms and label the youth as a „digital generation“ with superior digital skills. At the same time they express juvenoia, the classic „youth is doomed“, based on young people’s online behavior. When teachers have mostly made use of privacy protecting strategies that are based on self-censorship, moderate use and trying to control the spread of the information, the repertoire of strategies for the youth is noticeably wider, often aiming to hide the meaning of the information (e.g. social steganography, shift of responsibility, data obfuscation) rather than information itself. The social media literacies necessary for successful navigation of imagined audiences include being aware of different audiences and their shifting norms, the knowledge and use of audience management strategies and the reaction and restriction of self as audience.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
sotsiaalmeedia, sotsiaalsed võrgustikud, võrgusuhtlus, auditoorium (meedia), sotsiaalne struktuur, sotsiaalne taju, digipädevus, noored, õpetajad, social media, social networks, network communication, audience, social structure, social cognition, digital competence, young people, teachers