Problematic smartphone use: behavioral, psychopathological, dispositional, and educational correlates
Date
2019-06-26
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Abstract
Viimastel aastatel on muret väljendatud liigse nutitelefonikasutusega seotud aspektide üle.
Problemaatiline nutitelefonikasutus (PNK) on nähtus, mis sarnaneb käitumuslikule sõltuvusele ja mille all peetakse silmas nutitelefoni kasutusega seotud vaevusi. Uuringutega on näidatud, et PNK on seotud mitmete psüühikahäirete ja viletsamate õpitulemustega.
PNK valdkonnas on aga mitmeid uurimata küsimusi, millele käesolevas väitekirjas vastata üritasin. Näiteks: kuidas on seotud enesekohaste küsimustikega mõõdetud PNK rakenduse abil mõõdetud tegeliku nutitelefonikasutusega? Kuidas on nii küsimustiku kui ka rakendusega mõõdetud nutitelefonikasutus seotud vaimse tervise häirete ning häirete riskifaktoritega? Kas päevane depressiivne meeleolu ennustab päevast tegelikku nutitelefonikasutust? Kas üliõpilaste õpihoiakud on seotud PNK-ga ja mis neid potentsiaalseid seoseid selgitada võiks?
Uurimuses 1 leidsime, et küsimustikuga mõõdetud PNK oli seotud rakendusega mõõdetud ekraaniaja, aga mitte nutitelefoni kasutamise sagedusega. Ehkki depressiivsus ja ärevus olid seotud PNK-ga, ei olnud nad seotud objektiivselt mõõdetud nutitelefonikasutusega. Päevane depressiivne meeleolu üldiselt ei seostunud päevase tegeliku nutitelefonikasutusega. Uurimuses 2 leidsime, et kõrgema PNK skooridega tudengid kasutavad enam pindmist ja vähem sügavat õpistiili. Seda seost võib põhjendada sagedasem sotsiaalmeedia kasutamine loengutes. Uurimuses 3 leidsime, et soodumus tegeleda asendustegevustega võib põhjustada sagedasemat sotsiaalmeedia kasutamist loengutes ning see võib omakorda viia rohkema PNK-ni. Uurimuses 4 leidsime, et soodumus mitte taluda erinevate olukordadega seotud määramatust võib viia enama mittesotsiaalse sisuga nutitelefoni kasutamiseni, mis omakorda võib viia rohkema PNK-ni.
Väitekirjast järeldub, et küsimustikuga mõõdetud PNK on osaliselt seotud käitumuslikult mõõdetud nutitelefonikasutusega, psüühikahäirete riskifaktoritega ja akadeemilise edukusega negatiivselt seotud õpihoiakutega.
Concerns regarding excessive smartphone use related aspects have been raised over the past years. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a phenomenon that resembles behavioral addiction and is associated with detrimental aspects of daily-life. It has been shown that PSU is related with various psychopathologies and poorer academic outcomes. There are several unexplored questions in the field of PSU research that I aimed to address in the current doctoral dissertation. For instance: how is self-reported PSU associated with objectively measured smartphone use? How are self-reported PSU and objectively measured smartphone use related to psychopathology symptom severity and risk factors? Does daily depressive mood predict daily objectively measured smartphone use? Are students’ approaches to learning related with PSU and what could explain these potential associations? In Study 1 we found that self-reported PSU was associated with objectively measured screen time, but not phone-checking frequency. Although depression and anxiety symptom severity were associated with self-reported PSU, these constructs did not correlate with objectively measured smartphone use. Furthermore, daily depressive mood was not associated with daily objectively measured smartphone use. In Study 2 we found that students with more PSU also had more surface and less deep approach to learning. More frequent social media use in lectures could explain that relationship. In Study 3 we found that trait procrastination may drive more frequent social media use in lectures, potentially resulting in more PSU. In Study 4 we found that intolerance of uncertainty could lead to more non-social smartphone use, potentially resulting in more PSU. In conclusion, self-reported PSU is partially associated with objectively measured smartphone use, psychopathology risk factors, and approaches to learning that are, in turn, linked to poorer academic outcomes.
Concerns regarding excessive smartphone use related aspects have been raised over the past years. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a phenomenon that resembles behavioral addiction and is associated with detrimental aspects of daily-life. It has been shown that PSU is related with various psychopathologies and poorer academic outcomes. There are several unexplored questions in the field of PSU research that I aimed to address in the current doctoral dissertation. For instance: how is self-reported PSU associated with objectively measured smartphone use? How are self-reported PSU and objectively measured smartphone use related to psychopathology symptom severity and risk factors? Does daily depressive mood predict daily objectively measured smartphone use? Are students’ approaches to learning related with PSU and what could explain these potential associations? In Study 1 we found that self-reported PSU was associated with objectively measured screen time, but not phone-checking frequency. Although depression and anxiety symptom severity were associated with self-reported PSU, these constructs did not correlate with objectively measured smartphone use. Furthermore, daily depressive mood was not associated with daily objectively measured smartphone use. In Study 2 we found that students with more PSU also had more surface and less deep approach to learning. More frequent social media use in lectures could explain that relationship. In Study 3 we found that trait procrastination may drive more frequent social media use in lectures, potentially resulting in more PSU. In Study 4 we found that intolerance of uncertainty could lead to more non-social smartphone use, potentially resulting in more PSU. In conclusion, self-reported PSU is partially associated with objectively measured smartphone use, psychopathology risk factors, and approaches to learning that are, in turn, linked to poorer academic outcomes.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
nutitelefonid, Internet, kasutamine, harjumused, internetisõltuvus, käitumispsühholoogia, psühhopatoloogia