Nanoporous carbon: the controlled nanostructure, and structure-property relationships
Date
2020-05-14
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Keskkonnaprobleemid muutuvad iga aastaga üha aktuaalsemaks ja seetõttu on inimkond sunnitud pöörama järjest enam tähelepanu nn rohelistele materjalidele. Selliste materjalide hulka kuulub ka nanopoorne süsinik, mis on juba näidanud suurepäraseid tulemusi näiteks molekulaarsõeladena gaaside ja vedelike puhastamisel ning sidumisel, ioonide valikulisel eraldamisel ning ka katalüsaatorikandjana ja elektroodimaterjalidena alternatiivsetes energiaallikates. Loetletud rakendused vajavad süsinikmaterjali jaoks optimaalset nanostruktuuri või hoopis struktuuritust, mistõttu on ülioluline osata eesmärgipäraselt mõjutada nanostruktuuride ja poorsuse teket süsiniku sünteesil ja selle struktuursete omaduste modifitseerimisel. Seetõttu vajatakse üha rohkem ja täpsemat informatsiooni nanopoorse süsiniku struktuursete omaduste mõjude kohta erinevatele rakenduslikele mõõdikutele.
Doktoritöö keskendub seoste otsimisele karbiidset päritolu süsinikmaterjalide (i k carbide-derived carbon, CDC) rakenduslikku tähtsust omavate omaduste ja eksperimentaalselt mõõdetud struktuuritunnuste vahel ning vastavate statistiliste mitmeparameetriliste regressioonimudelite väljaarendamisele kasutades kvantitatiivset nano-struktuur-omadus sõltuvuste (QnSPR) meetodit. Selleks valmistati reaalselt üle 200 erineva mikro- ja makrostruktuuriga süsinikmaterjali, varieerides sealjuures lähtekarbiidi, sünteesitingimusi ning järeltöötlusemeetodeid, mille põhjal koostati unikaalne nanopoorsete süsinike andmebaas. Uurimus annab põhjaliku ülevaate N2 ja CO2 adsorptsioonanalüüsi abil mõõdetud pooride suuruse jaotuse mõjust elektrilise kaksikkihi mahtuvusele.
Uurimistöö tulemusena õnnestus esmakordselt eksperimendist tuletatud struktuuritunnuste abil konstrueerida mitmeparameetrilised matemaatilised mudelid poorse süsiniku rakenduslikult olulise füüsikalise omaduse kirjeldamiseks ja prognoosimiseks. Töös tuletatud QnSPR mudelid kirjeldavad nanopoorse süsiniku elektrilise kaksikkihi mahtuvust nii täielikult mikropoorset kui ka mikro-mesopoorset pooride jaotust omavate süsinikmaterjalide korral, peale selle võimaldavad nad täpselt ennustada elektrilise kaksikkihi mahtuvust alternatiivsetes energiaallikates.
Environmental issues are becoming increasingly topical every year and therefore mankind is forced to pay more and more attention to the so-called green materials. Such materials also include nanoporous carbon, which has already shown excellent results in, for example, molecular sieves for the purification and binding of gases and liquids, the selective separation of ions, and also as a catalyst support and electrode material in alternative energy sources. All of these applications require an optimal nanostructure for the carbon material, so it is crucial to be able to purposefully influence the formation and porosity of nanostructures in carbon synthesis. Therefore, more and more accurate information is needed about the effects of the structural properties of nanoporous carbon on various application metrics. The dissertation focuses on searching for relationships between the properties of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) and the experiment-derived structure descriptors and the development of corresponding data driven multi-linear regression models using the quantitative nano-structure-property relationship (QnSPR) approach. To this end, more than 200 different micro- and macrostructured carbon materials were synthesized, varying starting carbide, synthesis conditions and post-processing methods and all data were pooled into a unique database of nanoporous carbons. Thus, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of pore size distribution measured by N2 and CO2 adsorption on electrical double-layer capacitance. As a result of this research, for the first time, it was possible to construct multiparametric mathematical models for describing and predicting the application-relevant physical property of porous carbon using experiment-derived structure descriptors. The derived QnSPR models describe the electrical double-layer capacitance of a nanoporous carbon with both fully microporous and micro-mesoporous pore distributions, and allow accurate prediction of the electrical double-layer capacitance in alternative energy sources.
Environmental issues are becoming increasingly topical every year and therefore mankind is forced to pay more and more attention to the so-called green materials. Such materials also include nanoporous carbon, which has already shown excellent results in, for example, molecular sieves for the purification and binding of gases and liquids, the selective separation of ions, and also as a catalyst support and electrode material in alternative energy sources. All of these applications require an optimal nanostructure for the carbon material, so it is crucial to be able to purposefully influence the formation and porosity of nanostructures in carbon synthesis. Therefore, more and more accurate information is needed about the effects of the structural properties of nanoporous carbon on various application metrics. The dissertation focuses on searching for relationships between the properties of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) and the experiment-derived structure descriptors and the development of corresponding data driven multi-linear regression models using the quantitative nano-structure-property relationship (QnSPR) approach. To this end, more than 200 different micro- and macrostructured carbon materials were synthesized, varying starting carbide, synthesis conditions and post-processing methods and all data were pooled into a unique database of nanoporous carbons. Thus, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of pore size distribution measured by N2 and CO2 adsorption on electrical double-layer capacitance. As a result of this research, for the first time, it was possible to construct multiparametric mathematical models for describing and predicting the application-relevant physical property of porous carbon using experiment-derived structure descriptors. The derived QnSPR models describe the electrical double-layer capacitance of a nanoporous carbon with both fully microporous and micro-mesoporous pore distributions, and allow accurate prediction of the electrical double-layer capacitance in alternative energy sources.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
carbon materials, nanoporous materials, quantitative structure-property correlat