Big science as innovation intermediaries – micro- and meso-level effects from the collaboration with the European Space Agency
Date
2020-11-18
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Abstract
20. sajandi teisest poolest alates on suured rahvusvahelised teaduskeskused (STK), näiteks Euroopa Tuumauuringute Organisatsioon (CERN) ja Euroopa Kosmoseagentuur (ESA), muutunud teaduse arengus üha olulisemaks. STK-d paistavad silma oma erakordsete mastaapide, uurimis¬ülesannete keerukuse ja eksperimentide kestuse poolest, eeldades rahvusvahelist koostööd ja STK-ga seotud riikide valitsuste pikaajalist toetust.
STK liikmesriikide ees seisab ülesanne mõõta liikmelisuse mikro- ja mesotasandi efekte STK-desse investeeritavate vahendite paremaks suunamiseks. Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärk ongi senisest paremini mõista STK hangetest tulenevaid erinevaid mikro- ja mesotasandi efekte majanduses. Väitekiri põhineb kolmel rahvusvahelistes teadusajakirjades publitseeritud originaal¬uuringul, mis käsitlevad STK hangetest tulenevate mikro- ja mesotasandi efektide erinevaid aspekte. Töö empiiriline kontekst on ESA liikmelisus.
STK kujutab endast uue teadmuse loomise eripärast režiimi majanduses. STK toimib süsteemse innovatsioonivõimendajana, mis aitab ületada erinevaid majandusteooriatest tuntud turu-, süsteemi- ja siirdetõrkeid. Nõudluse kujundamine turgude loomise ja arengu toetamiseks on üks STK rolle, millest on kirjanduses seni harva juttu olnud ning seetõttu käesoleva töö fookuses.
STK mõjude hindamise praktikas kasutatakse ennekõike väljundite lisanduvuse kontseptsiooni, rakendades seda mikrotasandil. Käesolevas töös osutati mitmetele metodoloogilistele ja andmete kvaliteedist tulenevatele probleemidele, mis seavad kahtluse alla selliste uuringute usaldusväärsuse. Doktoritöös vaadeldakse veel STK seoseid teadmusmahukate, piiratud ressurssidega ettevõtete rahvusvahelistumise protsessiga, aga ka institutsioonilise muutusega, mis kaasneb uute turgude kujunemisega. Käesoleva töö tulemuste alusel tehakse ettepanek STK liikmelisuse majanduslike efektide hindamisel senisest oluliselt rohkem keskenduda mikro- ja mesotasandi käitumusliku lisanduvuse kontseptsioonidele.
From the second half of the 20th century, Big Science centres, such as the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the European Space Agency (ESA), have become crucial for the advancement of scientific research. Big Science organisations stand out in terms of the unique size of their facilities and the complexity or duration of their experiments, which require long-term governmental commitment, often through international co-operation. Big Science member states confront the challenge to measure various firm (micro) and industry (meso) level effects from the membership in order to better manage the national contributions to Big Science. This thesis aims at adding to current knowledge on various micro- and meso-level effects from collaboration with Big Science. The thesis is based on three original research papers that study different aspects related to micro- and meso-level effects from collaboration with Big Science. The empirical context of the study is ESA. Big Science is a specific knowledge generation locus in the economy. Big Science is a systemic innovation intermediary that has multiple roles in order to address a range of theory-based market, systemic, and transformational failures. The articulation of demand for creating markets – highlighted in this thesis – is one of the roles that has received less attention in earlier literature. The current evaluation practice tends to rely on the micro-level output additionality concept for measuring the effects of Big Science. The thesis points at various methodological and data quality issues that undermine the credibility of such evaluations. Also, the thesis describes the roles of Big Science in the internationalisation process of knowledge-intensive resource-constrained firms and in institutional change, which accompanies market formation processes. The findings of the study call for a more widespread use of micro- and meso-level behavioural additionality in the evaluations of Big Science membership.
From the second half of the 20th century, Big Science centres, such as the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the European Space Agency (ESA), have become crucial for the advancement of scientific research. Big Science organisations stand out in terms of the unique size of their facilities and the complexity or duration of their experiments, which require long-term governmental commitment, often through international co-operation. Big Science member states confront the challenge to measure various firm (micro) and industry (meso) level effects from the membership in order to better manage the national contributions to Big Science. This thesis aims at adding to current knowledge on various micro- and meso-level effects from collaboration with Big Science. The thesis is based on three original research papers that study different aspects related to micro- and meso-level effects from collaboration with Big Science. The empirical context of the study is ESA. Big Science is a specific knowledge generation locus in the economy. Big Science is a systemic innovation intermediary that has multiple roles in order to address a range of theory-based market, systemic, and transformational failures. The articulation of demand for creating markets – highlighted in this thesis – is one of the roles that has received less attention in earlier literature. The current evaluation practice tends to rely on the micro-level output additionality concept for measuring the effects of Big Science. The thesis points at various methodological and data quality issues that undermine the credibility of such evaluations. Also, the thesis describes the roles of Big Science in the internationalisation process of knowledge-intensive resource-constrained firms and in institutional change, which accompanies market formation processes. The findings of the study call for a more widespread use of micro- and meso-level behavioural additionality in the evaluations of Big Science membership.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
European Space Agency, science centers, innovations, innovation policy, procurements, international cooperation