Alterations in metabolomic profile of lipids, amino acids and biogenic amines in the early course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Date
2021-02-15
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Abstract
Skisofreenia spektri häired on seisundid, mille puhul inimese taju ning tõlgendus maailmast on häiritud ning ei vasta reaalsusele. Selliste häirete patogeneesi mõistmine on vajalik nii diagnostika kui ravi arenguks.
Uurimistöö eesmärk oli kirjeldada psühhootilise häirega patsientide glütserofosfolipiidide, sfingolipiidide, aminohapete ning biogeensete amiinide profiili haiguse erinevates faasides.
Uuringus osales 53 esmase psühhoosiepisoodiga patsienti, keda jälgiti longitudinaalselt viie aasta vältel. Patsientidelt koguti demograafilised ja kliinilised andmed ning vereproovid kolmel ajahetkel – haiguse vallandumisel, 7 kuud pärast antipsühhootilise raviga alustamist ning 5 aastat pärast haiguse ja ravi algust. Kontrollgruppi kuulus 37 tervet vabatahtlikku.
Tulemused näitasid, et esmase psühhoosiepisoodi vallandumisel esinesid patsientidel kontrollgrupiga võrreldes järgmised metaboolsed muutused: langenud proliini, alfa-aminoadipiinhappe, 16 fosfatidüülkoliini, ühe sfingolipiidi tase ning türosiin/fenüülalaniini suhe; tõusnud tauriini, ühe lüsofosfatidüülkoliini tase ning ornitiin/arginiini suhe.
Seitsmekuulise antipsühhootilise ravi järel olid patsientide psühhootilised sümptomid leevenenud ning eelkirjeldatud metaboloomilised muutused normaliseerunud.
Viieaastase kestusega haiguse ja antipsühhootilise ravi järel ilmnesid patsientidel tõusnud asparagiini, glutamiini, ornitiini, tauriini ja metioniini tase ning ornitiin/arginiini suhe. Langenud olid aspartaadi, glutamaadi ja alfa-aminoadipiinhappe tase ning aspartaat/asparagiini, glutamaat/glutamiini, alfa-aminoadipiinhape/kinureniini suhted.
Leitud kõrvalekalded viitavad aju neurotransmitterite funktsiooni ning põletikuliste ja energeetiliste protsesside häirumisele. Uurimistöö tõendas skisofreenia spektri häiretega patsientide aminohapete, biogeensete amiinide ning spetsiifiliste lipiidsete metaboliitide profiili dünaamilisi muutusi haiguse kulu ja pikaajalise ravi vältel.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterised by abnormal perceptions and interpretations that are not in correlation with reality. Understanding pathogenesis of these disorders is important for development of their diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to characterise glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, amino acid and biogenic amine profile in psychotic disorder patients in different stages of the illness. 53 first-episode psychosis patients were monitored longitudinally during 5 years of the study. Demographic and clinical data and blood samples were collected during three time points – at the onset of the disease, 7 months after initiating antipsychotic treatment and 5 years after ongoing treatment and illness. Control group consisted of 37 healthy volunteers. The results demonstrated following metabolic shifts at the onset of the first psychotic episode when comparing patients to control group: lower proline, alpha-aminoadipic acid, 16 phosphatidylcholine and one sphingolipid levels and tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio; levels of taurine, one lysophosphatidylcholine and ratio of ornithine/arginine were heightened. Seven months of antipsychotic treatment resulted in improvement in patients’ psychotic symptoms and reversion of formerly described metabolomic changes. Five years after ongoing treatment and illness patients demonstrated elevated asparagine, glutamine, ornithine, taurine and methionine levels and ornithine/arginine ratio. Contrary, aspartate, glutamate, alpha-aminoadipic acid levels and aspartate/asparagine, glutamate/glutamine, alpha-aminoadipic acid/kynurenine ratios were reduced. Found deviations are associated to disruption of neurotransmitters’ function, inflammatory and energetic processes. The study proved dynamic changes in amino acid, biogenic amine and specific lipid metabolite profile in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients during the course of illness and long-term treatment.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterised by abnormal perceptions and interpretations that are not in correlation with reality. Understanding pathogenesis of these disorders is important for development of their diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to characterise glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, amino acid and biogenic amine profile in psychotic disorder patients in different stages of the illness. 53 first-episode psychosis patients were monitored longitudinally during 5 years of the study. Demographic and clinical data and blood samples were collected during three time points – at the onset of the disease, 7 months after initiating antipsychotic treatment and 5 years after ongoing treatment and illness. Control group consisted of 37 healthy volunteers. The results demonstrated following metabolic shifts at the onset of the first psychotic episode when comparing patients to control group: lower proline, alpha-aminoadipic acid, 16 phosphatidylcholine and one sphingolipid levels and tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio; levels of taurine, one lysophosphatidylcholine and ratio of ornithine/arginine were heightened. Seven months of antipsychotic treatment resulted in improvement in patients’ psychotic symptoms and reversion of formerly described metabolomic changes. Five years after ongoing treatment and illness patients demonstrated elevated asparagine, glutamine, ornithine, taurine and methionine levels and ornithine/arginine ratio. Contrary, aspartate, glutamate, alpha-aminoadipic acid levels and aspartate/asparagine, glutamate/glutamine, alpha-aminoadipic acid/kynurenine ratios were reduced. Found deviations are associated to disruption of neurotransmitters’ function, inflammatory and energetic processes. The study proved dynamic changes in amino acid, biogenic amine and specific lipid metabolite profile in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients during the course of illness and long-term treatment.
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Keywords
schizophrenia, pathophysiological aspects, metabolites, biomarkers