The association of risky traffic behaviour with personality factors, lifestyle and biological predisposition, and a driving school intervention aimed at impulsivity awareness
Kuupäev
2023-04-28
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Autojuhtide riskeeriv käitumine liikluses on aktuaalne rahvatervishoiu probleem, mis on mõjutatud paljude tegurite poolt nagu isiksus, elustiil ja bioloogiline eelsoodumus. Lisaks seostele viha, agressiivsuse ja impulsiivsusega olid enese raporteeritud aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire (ATH) sümptomid autojuhi liikluskäitumise puhul oluliseks riskiteguriks, mis viitab alaläviste psühhiaatriliste sümptomite olulisusele liiklusohtude teemal. Mitmed elustiili aspektid seostusid riskeeriva käitumise ja otseselt ka liiklusrikkumistega ning erinevusemarkerid serotonergilises süsteemis ilmnesid neid seoseid mõjutavate tegurina. Mootorsõiduki juhtimine alkoholijoobe seisundis oli umbes kolmandiku joobes tabatud autojuhtide jaoks korduv rikkumine ja korduvrikkujad panid toime ka rohkem teisi liiklusrikkumisi. Neuropeptiid S retseptor geeni (NPSR1) riskialleel suurendas riski korduvalt alkoholijoobe seisundis mootorsõiduki juhtimiseks ning dopamiini transporteri geeni (DAT1) polümorfismi riskialleeli kandmine seostus sagedasema joobes juhtimisega, liiklusõnnetuste ja muude liiklusrikkumistega. Need tulemused toetavad dopamiinergilise süsteemi olulist rolli impulsside kontrollimisel ja riskeeriva käitumise puhul. Sekkumine autokoolides, mille läbiviijateks olid autokoolide õpetajad, omas sarnaselt eelnevale psühholoogide poolt läbiviidud samasugusele sekkumisele liiklusohutust suurendavat mõju ja mõju oli nähtav ka ATH sümptomitega uuritavatel. Bioloogilised markerid seostusid sekkumise efektiivsusega naissoost uuritavate puhul. Kokkuvõttes võib öelda, et impulsiivsuse/agressiivsusega seostatud bioloogilised markerid seonduvad usaldusväärselt igapäevase liikluskäitumisega ning aitavad meil mõista vajadust personaliseeritud sekkumiste järele. Oleks kasulik lisada autojuhtide õppesse arutelu liikluskäitumist mõjutada võivate vaimsete häirete üle. Tulevased uuringud peaksid uurima veebipõhiste sekkumiste efektiivsust, kuna järjest enam õppetegevusi toimub veebi teel.
Risk-taking behaviour of drivers, a serious public health issue, is associated with a variety of factors like personality, lifestyle and biological predisposition. In addition to anger, aggressiveness and impulsivity, self-perceived ADHD symptoms were revealed as a significant risk factor in traffic, suggesting that sub-syndromal psychiatric disorders are an issue in traffic safety. Several aspects of lifestyle were associated with risk-taking and traffic law violations and variation in the serotonergic system appeared as a mediating and moderating factor. Drunk driving (DWI) reoccurred in approximately one third of previously identified DWI subjects who also had more traffic violations of other type. An impulsivity risk allele of the neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1) contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI, and carrying the risk allele of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) VNTR polymorphism was associated with more frequent drunk driving, traffic accidents and other traffic violations, consistently with the significant role of dopaminergic system in impulse control and risk-taking behaviour. The brief impulsivity self-recognition intervention conducted by driving school teachers had a significant impact on traffic safety similarly to the intervention previously conducted by psychologists, whereas self-reported ADHD symptoms did not reduce the efficacy of the intervention. Candidate gene variants were associated with the effectiveness of the intervention in females. In conclusion, established biological markers of impulsivity/aggressiveness can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in understanding the need for more personalized prevention activities. It would be beneficial to include a discussion in the drivers’ training about the risks mental health issues can present in traffic. Future studies should address the potential of online training instruments for intervention as online learning becomes more prevalent.
Risk-taking behaviour of drivers, a serious public health issue, is associated with a variety of factors like personality, lifestyle and biological predisposition. In addition to anger, aggressiveness and impulsivity, self-perceived ADHD symptoms were revealed as a significant risk factor in traffic, suggesting that sub-syndromal psychiatric disorders are an issue in traffic safety. Several aspects of lifestyle were associated with risk-taking and traffic law violations and variation in the serotonergic system appeared as a mediating and moderating factor. Drunk driving (DWI) reoccurred in approximately one third of previously identified DWI subjects who also had more traffic violations of other type. An impulsivity risk allele of the neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1) contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI, and carrying the risk allele of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) VNTR polymorphism was associated with more frequent drunk driving, traffic accidents and other traffic violations, consistently with the significant role of dopaminergic system in impulse control and risk-taking behaviour. The brief impulsivity self-recognition intervention conducted by driving school teachers had a significant impact on traffic safety similarly to the intervention previously conducted by psychologists, whereas self-reported ADHD symptoms did not reduce the efficacy of the intervention. Candidate gene variants were associated with the effectiveness of the intervention in females. In conclusion, established biological markers of impulsivity/aggressiveness can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in understanding the need for more personalized prevention activities. It would be beneficial to include a discussion in the drivers’ training about the risks mental health issues can present in traffic. Future studies should address the potential of online training instruments for intervention as online learning becomes more prevalent.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
traffic behavior, risk behavior