Personality traits and body weight: from accurate descriptions to tests of causation
Kuupäev
2023-06-06
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Aastakümneid on püütud tuvastada kehakaalu psühholoogilisi korrelaate. Suur osa sellest uurimistööst on olnud ajendatud eesmärgist leida ülekaalu muudetavaid, sekkumisele alluvaid põhjuseid. Kehakaalu mõjutavate tegurite hulka võivad kuuluda ka isiksusejooned: kuna mitmed isiksusejoontega seotud käitumised võivad mõjutada kalorite tarbimist või kulutamist, peaksid nende käitumiste mõjud ajapikku kuhjuma ja kehakaalus peegelduma. Kuigi isiksusejoonte ja kehakaalu seoseid on juba omajagu uuritud, ei ole põhjuslikkust nende vahel siiski veel piisavalt testitud. Käesoleva doktoritöö esimeseks põhieesmärgiks oli testida põhjuslikkust isiksusejoonte ja kehakaalu vahel. Põhjuslike seoste olemasolu ja suuna väljaselgitamiseks kasutati kaksikute, geeni- ja longituudandmeid. Vastupidiselt levinud arvamusele ei leidnud isiksusejoonte mõju kehakaalule selget kinnitust, kuigi tulemused ei välista, et isiksusejoonte tahtlik muutmine mõjutab kehakaalu, mida käesolevas doktoritöö raames ei uuritud. Seevastu näitasid kolme analüüsi tulemused, et kehakaal mõjutab isiksust: geneetiliste analüüside põhjal võib kehakaal mõjutada mitmeid kitsaid isiksusejooni ning longituudandmed näitasid kehakaalu võimalikke mõjusid meelekindlusele, sotsiaalsusele ning mitmele spetsiifilisemale isiksusejoonele. Seoseid võivad vahendada nii kehakaaluga seotud sotsiaalne tagasiside, füüsilised piirangud kui füsioloogilised protsessid. Doktoritöö teiseks põhieesmärgiks oli kehakaalu ja isiksusejoonte seoste senisest täpsem kirjeldamine, mis võimaldab edaspidi ka põhjuslikkuse kohta täpsemaid hüpoteese püstitada ning neid testida. Kaks kirjeldavat uuringut pakkusid kinnitust mitmetele varem kirjeldatud seostele (näiteks aktiivsuse, korralikkuse ja vihaga), tõid välja uusi seoseid (näiteks altruismi, kuulekuse, konventsionaalsuse ja tuttava eelistamisega) ning näitasid, et kehtestavuse ja kehamassiindeksi korrelatsiooni aluseks võib eeskätt olla seos rasvavaba, mitte rasvamassiga, nagu varem arvatud.
Motivated by the objective to identify modifiable causes of excess weight, several decades of research has explored psychological correlates of body weight. For instance, body weight is commonly believed to be influenced by personality traits: if some trait-related behaviours affect energy intake or expenditure, their effects on weight should accumulate as they are repeated. However, tests of causality between them have been scarce and inconclusive. One of the two objectives of the dissertation was to test causality in personality trait–body weight associations. Across two studies, molecular genetic, twin, and longitudinal data were employed. Contrary to widespread beliefs, no robust effects from personality traits to body weight were found, although this does not preclude deliberate trait change affecting body weight—a question left for future studies. Instead, both studies indicated that causality may predominantly flow from body weight to personality traits. While the two genetic analyses suggested that body weight may influence numerous narrow traits, longitudinal analyses identified influences on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and several finer-grained traits. Several mechanisms could plausibly account for these links, including social feedback, physical limitations, and physiological processes like inflammation. The other objective of the dissertation was to provide more accurate descriptions of trait–body weight correlations, which could also provide input for novel (causal) hypothesis and further empirical investigations. The two studies devoted to this objective replicated several well-known associations (with traits like activity, organization, and anger), but also identified novel associations (with traits including altruism, obedience, conventionality, and preference for the familiar), besides indicating that the oft-reported link between BMI and assertiveness is more likely driven by lean mass than fat mass.
Motivated by the objective to identify modifiable causes of excess weight, several decades of research has explored psychological correlates of body weight. For instance, body weight is commonly believed to be influenced by personality traits: if some trait-related behaviours affect energy intake or expenditure, their effects on weight should accumulate as they are repeated. However, tests of causality between them have been scarce and inconclusive. One of the two objectives of the dissertation was to test causality in personality trait–body weight associations. Across two studies, molecular genetic, twin, and longitudinal data were employed. Contrary to widespread beliefs, no robust effects from personality traits to body weight were found, although this does not preclude deliberate trait change affecting body weight—a question left for future studies. Instead, both studies indicated that causality may predominantly flow from body weight to personality traits. While the two genetic analyses suggested that body weight may influence numerous narrow traits, longitudinal analyses identified influences on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and several finer-grained traits. Several mechanisms could plausibly account for these links, including social feedback, physical limitations, and physiological processes like inflammation. The other objective of the dissertation was to provide more accurate descriptions of trait–body weight correlations, which could also provide input for novel (causal) hypothesis and further empirical investigations. The two studies devoted to this objective replicated several well-known associations (with traits like activity, organization, and anger), but also identified novel associations (with traits including altruism, obedience, conventionality, and preference for the familiar), besides indicating that the oft-reported link between BMI and assertiveness is more likely driven by lean mass than fat mass.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
personality traits, body weight, overweight, causality