Naer ja naerev hääl eesti suulises suhtluses
Date
2023-09-05
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Abstract
Naer on lahutamatu osa inimeste suhtlusest. Seda seostatakse ennekõike mitte-tõsiste olukordadega, näiteks käsitletakse naeru ja nalja kui käsikäes käivaid nähtuseid. Kuigi see sageli nii ka on, ei saa tähelepanuta jätta naeru olulist rolli probleemsetes olukordades. Naeruga saavad inimesed pehmendada potentsiaalseid konflikte ja delikaatseid olukordi. Näiteks võib kõneleja naerda siis, kui ta lükkab tagasi sõbra küllakutset või põhjendab ülemusele, miks tööülesanne on kokkulepitud tähtajaks tegemata jäänud. Naerev hääl on samuti tavaline, aga vähem teadvustatud nähtus. See on häälekvaliteedi muutus, mis kaasneb naeratamisega. Ka naerev hääl võib olla kasutusel nii mitte-tõsistes kui ka probleemsetes olukordades.
Siinses töö materjali hulgas on nii argivestluseid, kus suhtlevad omavahel pereliikmed ja sõbrad, kui ka ametivestluseid, milles kõnelevad üksteisele võõrad isikud, kellest vähemalt üks on ametirollis (televisiooni saatejuht, reisibüroo ametnik vms).
Töös uurin, millised on eesti suhtluses esinevad naerud, kui pikad on naerud ja naervad hääled, kus naer ja naerev hääl dialoogi kõnevoorus asuvad, mis toimub vestluses pärast naeru ja naervat häält ning kuidas on naeru ja naerva häälega seotud naeratused ja liigutused. Kõigi teemade puhul võrdlen, kuidas erinevad tulemused argises ja ametivestluses ning mitte-tõsises ja probleemses situatsioonis.
Tulemused näitavad, et naer ja naerev hääl erinevad argi- ja ametivestluses küllaltki palju. Näiteks on argivestluste naerud pikemad kui ametivestluste naerud. Mitte-tõsistes ja probleemsetes erinev see, kus naer ja naerev hääl voorus paiknevad. Kui mitte-tõsistes olukordades hõlmasid naerud ja naervad hääled enamasti kogu vooru, siis probleemsetes olukordades esinesid need pigem vooru lõppudes. Ka naeru ja naerva häälega kaasnevad kehaliigutused on erinevad – ametivestlustes olukordades liigutavad kõnelejad naerdes oma keha väiksema amplituudiga kui argivestlustes.
Laughter is a crucial part of human interaction. It is often associated with non-seriousness – laughter and jokes are often considered to go hand in hand. Although that is often the case, laughter also has an important role in problematic situations. People may laugh when they want to mitigate problematic or delicate situations. For example, the speaker may laugh when he declines a friend's invitation to visit or explains to his boss why a task was not completed by the deadline. Smile voice is also a frequent phenomenon in our conversations, although it is not as noticeable as laughter. It is a change of voice quality that comes with smiling. Like laughter, a smile voice can be used in both non-serious and problematic situations. The data includes everyday interactions, where the speakers are family members or friends, and institutional interactions, where the speakers do not know each other and at least one of them is in an institutional role (tv host, travel agent, etc). In the dissertation I focus on which types of laughter appear in Estonian data, how long are the laughs and smile voices, where are the laughter and smile voice placed inside a turn, what happens in the conversation after the laughter, and how are smiling and body movement associated with laughter. For all topics, I also compare how the results differ in institutional and everyday conversations and in non-serious and problematic situations. The results showed that laughter and smile voice are different in everyday and institutional interaction. For example, laughs in everyday conversation are on average longer than in institutional conversations. In non-serious and problematic situations, the placement of laughter and smile voice are different. While in non-serious situations the laughter and smile voice were more likely to take up the whole turn, laughter and smile voice in problematic situations were most likely placed at the end of the turn. The movements accompanying laughter also vary depending on the conversational setting – in institutional settings the movements that occurred during laughter have smaller amplitude than the ones in non-serious situations.
Laughter is a crucial part of human interaction. It is often associated with non-seriousness – laughter and jokes are often considered to go hand in hand. Although that is often the case, laughter also has an important role in problematic situations. People may laugh when they want to mitigate problematic or delicate situations. For example, the speaker may laugh when he declines a friend's invitation to visit or explains to his boss why a task was not completed by the deadline. Smile voice is also a frequent phenomenon in our conversations, although it is not as noticeable as laughter. It is a change of voice quality that comes with smiling. Like laughter, a smile voice can be used in both non-serious and problematic situations. The data includes everyday interactions, where the speakers are family members or friends, and institutional interactions, where the speakers do not know each other and at least one of them is in an institutional role (tv host, travel agent, etc). In the dissertation I focus on which types of laughter appear in Estonian data, how long are the laughs and smile voices, where are the laughter and smile voice placed inside a turn, what happens in the conversation after the laughter, and how are smiling and body movement associated with laughter. For all topics, I also compare how the results differ in institutional and everyday conversations and in non-serious and problematic situations. The results showed that laughter and smile voice are different in everyday and institutional interaction. For example, laughs in everyday conversation are on average longer than in institutional conversations. In non-serious and problematic situations, the placement of laughter and smile voice are different. While in non-serious situations the laughter and smile voice were more likely to take up the whole turn, laughter and smile voice in problematic situations were most likely placed at the end of the turn. The movements accompanying laughter also vary depending on the conversational setting – in institutional settings the movements that occurred during laughter have smaller amplitude than the ones in non-serious situations.
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Keywords
conversation analysis, laugh, oral communication, everyday language, Estonian language