Metabolomic profiling of chronic inflammatory skin diseases
Date
2023-09-22
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Abstract
Psoriaas, atoopiline dermatiit ja lame lihhen on kroonilised põletikulised nahahaigused, mis mõjutavad tugevalt inimese elukvaliteeti. Psoriaasi korral esinevad nahal erütematoos-skvamoossed naastud ning sageli kaasneb küünte ja liigeste haaratus. Atoopilisele dermatiidile on iseloomulik kuiv ja sügelev nahk ning lööbe teke eelistatud kehapiirkondadesse, mis sõltub ka patsiendi vanusest. Lameda lihheni puhul tekivad nahale klassikaliselt väga sügelevad polügonaalsed lillakad paapulid. Kõigi kolme haiguse puhul on tõusnud risk mitmeks kaasuvaks haiguseks.
Metaboloomika on üks „oomika“ harudest, mis tegeleb metaboliitide, näiteks aminohapete ja biogeensete amiinide profileerimisega, peegeldades selle kaudu organismis toimuvaid bioloogilisi protsesse. Metaboloomikat kasutatakse tihti erinevate seisundite biomarkerite leidmiseks, et iseloomustada ja täpsustada normaalsete või patoloogiliste protsesside mehhanisme.
Uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli kindlaks määrata psoriaasi, atoopilise dermatiidi ja lameda lihheni naha ja vere metaboloomiline profiil täpsustamaks antud haiguste patogeneetilisi mehhanisme. Selleks kogusime patsientide ja tervete inimeste nahabiopsiaid nii haiguskolde kui näilistelt tervest nahast ning vereseerumeid ning määrasime neis sisalduvad metaboliidid, kasutades uurimiseks suunatud analüüsi.
Leidsime, et psoriaasi haiguskollete nahale on iseloomulikud hüperproliferatsioonile ja põletikule omased muutused, atoopilise dermatiidi haiguskollete naha metaboloomilist profiili iseloomustab põletik, häirinud naha barjäärfunktsioon ja suurenenud vastuvõtlikkus oksüdatiivsele stressile, ning lameda lihheniga patsientide vereseerumis esinevad muutused lipoproteiinide koostises, mis võivad põhjustada kaasuvaid haigusi või olla ka ise neist tingitud. Kokkuvõttes aitavad saadud teadmised nende haiguste patogeneetilisi mehhanisme paremini mõista ning tulemused võiksid klinitsiste julgustada lameda lihheniga patsiente rutiinselt düslipideemia osas kontrollima.
Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and lichen planus are chronic inflammatory skin diseases that have a strong negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. Psoriasis is characterized by erythematous-squamous plaques on the skin and is frequently accompanied by nail changes and psoriatic arthritis. Patients suffering from atopic dermatitis have dry and itchy skin and rash in typical locations according to the age of the patient. Lichen planus is characterized by classically very pruritic polygonal purple papules. All three dermatoses are accompanied by several comorbidities. Metabolomics is an “omics” study, which concentrates on profiling metabolites, e.g. amino acids and biogenic amines, and reflects various biological processes taking place in an organism. Metabolomics research is frequently used as an instrument to discover biomarkers for different conditions to characterize and elucidate the mechanisms of normal or pathological processes. The main aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic profiles of the skin and blood serum of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and lichen planus in order to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases. Skin biopsies from lesional and visually non-lesional skin and blood sera were collected from the patients and healthy individuals, and targeted analysis was used to determine the nature of the metabolites. We found that the metabolomic features of psoriasis lesional skin involve cellular hyperproliferation and inflammation; the metabolomic profile of atopic dermatitis lesional skin was characterized by ongoing inflammation, disrupted skin barrier function and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress; and metabolomic analysis of the blood serum of lichen planus patients revealed alterations in the composition of lipoproteins. In conclusion, the knowledge help to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases better and the results should encourage clinicians to screen lichen planus patients routinely for dyslipidaemia.
Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and lichen planus are chronic inflammatory skin diseases that have a strong negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. Psoriasis is characterized by erythematous-squamous plaques on the skin and is frequently accompanied by nail changes and psoriatic arthritis. Patients suffering from atopic dermatitis have dry and itchy skin and rash in typical locations according to the age of the patient. Lichen planus is characterized by classically very pruritic polygonal purple papules. All three dermatoses are accompanied by several comorbidities. Metabolomics is an “omics” study, which concentrates on profiling metabolites, e.g. amino acids and biogenic amines, and reflects various biological processes taking place in an organism. Metabolomics research is frequently used as an instrument to discover biomarkers for different conditions to characterize and elucidate the mechanisms of normal or pathological processes. The main aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic profiles of the skin and blood serum of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and lichen planus in order to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases. Skin biopsies from lesional and visually non-lesional skin and blood sera were collected from the patients and healthy individuals, and targeted analysis was used to determine the nature of the metabolites. We found that the metabolomic features of psoriasis lesional skin involve cellular hyperproliferation and inflammation; the metabolomic profile of atopic dermatitis lesional skin was characterized by ongoing inflammation, disrupted skin barrier function and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress; and metabolomic analysis of the blood serum of lichen planus patients revealed alterations in the composition of lipoproteins. In conclusion, the knowledge help to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases better and the results should encourage clinicians to screen lichen planus patients routinely for dyslipidaemia.
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Keywords
skin diseases, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, metabolomics, biomarkers