Building a catalogue of molecular quantitative trait loci to interpret complex trait associations
Kuupäev
2023-10-25
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Kujutage ette, et olete ruumis, kus on üks laelamp ja sein, mida kaunistavad 100 salapärast lülitit. Nende juhtmed on peidetud ja nende eesmärk jääb mõistatuseks. Otsustate katsetada ja erinevaid lüliteid sisse-välja lülitades süttib järsku lamp. Edasisel erinevate kombinatsioonide katsetamisel märkate lambi heleduse muutumist. Mõne kombinatsiooni puhul põleb lamp eredalt, teiste puhul aga valgustab ruumi hämaralt. Peale mõningast nokitsemist hakkad aru saama, millised lülitite kombinatsioonid lambi heledust kõige enam mõjutavad. Kuid teie lõppeesmärk on lambi heledust täpselt oma äranägemise järgi juhtida. Tundub, et lülitid ise ei tekita elektrivooli. Pigem peavad nad käivitama nähtamatud elektrigeneraatorid. Mõistatus seisneb nüüd konkreetsete lülitite ja konkreetsete generaatorite vaheliste ühenduste väljaselgitamises, mis võimaldavad lambil põleda.
Selle metafooriga püüdsin anda lihtsustatud ettekujutuse kvantitatiivse tunnuse lookuste ehk QTL analüüsist. Siin tähistavad lülitid geneetilisi variante, lamp sümboliseerib mõnda inimese mõõdetavat tunnust või haigust, generaatorid tähistavad geene ja ruum tähistab konkreetset rakutüüpi. Selles metafooris tähistab iga QTL konkreetse lüliti mõju ühele või enamale generaatorile. Kuid keerukus ületab kaugelt vaid 100 lülitit. Tegelikult on meil tegemist miljonitega. Ja kuigi lülitid (geneetilised variandid) on igas erinevas ruumis (rakutüüp) identsed, erineb lüliteid generaatoritega (geenidega) ühendav juhtmestike plaan ruumiti oluliselt.
Käesolevad doktoritöös olen ma koostöös paljude partneritega loonud ulatusliku QTL-ide andmebaasi, mis hõlmab 127 erinevat inimese rakutüüpi ja kude. Lisaks oleme välja töötanud tööriistad nende QTL-ide paremaks tõlgendamiseks ja visualiseerimiseks. See andmebaas - eQTL Catalogue - on näidanud oma väärtust mitmetes teadusprojektides, parandades meie arusaamist inimese haiguste ja muude tunnuste geneetilistest alustest. Muuhulgas võimaldab meie andmebaasi hästi läbimõeldud ja säilenõtke taristu uute uurimismeetodite ilmnemisel kiiresti algandmeid uuesti analüüsida ja seeläbi kiiresti arenevas genoomiuuringute valdkonnas ajaga kaasas käia.
Picture this: you're in a room with a single ceiling lamp and a wall adorned with 100 mystery switches. Their wires are concealed, and their specific functions remain a puzzle. You decide to experiment, flipping various combinations of switches, and suddenly, the lamp flickers on. As you test different combinations, you note a variance in the lamp's brightness. With some combinations, the light glows radiantly, while with others, it dimly illuminates the room. After some tinkering, you start to understand which switch combinations affect the lamp's brightness the most. Yet, your ultimate goal is to accurately control the lamp's brightness at will. It's apparent the switches don't create the electricity powering the lamp. Rather, they must trigger unseen power generators. The enigma now is figuring out the connections between specific switches and specific generators that enable the lamp to glow. In this metaphor, I aimed to provide a simplified understanding of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Here, the switches represent genetic variants, the lamp symbolises a complex trait (like a disease), the power GENErators stand for genes, and the room represents a specific cell type. Moreover, each QTL can be seen as the impact of a particular switch on a given generator. However, the complexity far exceeds a mere 100 switches. In reality, we're dealing with millions. And although the switches (genetic variants) are identical in each different room (cell type), the wiring blueprint connecting switches to generators (genes) differs significantly from one room to the next. We've built an extensive Catalogue of QTLs, covering 127 human cell types, and have developed a tool to visualise these QTLs for a better interpretation. The eQTL Catalogue has shown its worth in multiple research initiatives, enhancing our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of complex traits. Additionally, its well-designed infrastructure allows for swift re-analysis when new research approaches emerge, underscoring the Catalogue's versatility and resilience in the realm of genomic research.
Picture this: you're in a room with a single ceiling lamp and a wall adorned with 100 mystery switches. Their wires are concealed, and their specific functions remain a puzzle. You decide to experiment, flipping various combinations of switches, and suddenly, the lamp flickers on. As you test different combinations, you note a variance in the lamp's brightness. With some combinations, the light glows radiantly, while with others, it dimly illuminates the room. After some tinkering, you start to understand which switch combinations affect the lamp's brightness the most. Yet, your ultimate goal is to accurately control the lamp's brightness at will. It's apparent the switches don't create the electricity powering the lamp. Rather, they must trigger unseen power generators. The enigma now is figuring out the connections between specific switches and specific generators that enable the lamp to glow. In this metaphor, I aimed to provide a simplified understanding of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Here, the switches represent genetic variants, the lamp symbolises a complex trait (like a disease), the power GENErators stand for genes, and the room represents a specific cell type. Moreover, each QTL can be seen as the impact of a particular switch on a given generator. However, the complexity far exceeds a mere 100 switches. In reality, we're dealing with millions. And although the switches (genetic variants) are identical in each different room (cell type), the wiring blueprint connecting switches to generators (genes) differs significantly from one room to the next. We've built an extensive Catalogue of QTLs, covering 127 human cell types, and have developed a tool to visualise these QTLs for a better interpretation. The eQTL Catalogue has shown its worth in multiple research initiatives, enhancing our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of complex traits. Additionally, its well-designed infrastructure allows for swift re-analysis when new research approaches emerge, underscoring the Catalogue's versatility and resilience in the realm of genomic research.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
diseases, molecular mechanisms, genetic association studies, statistical methods, bioinformatics