The development of diabetes mellitus, fertility and energy metabolism disturbances in a Wfs1-deficient mouse model of Wolfram syndrome
Kuupäev
2014-09-22
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Wolframi sündroom (WS) on autosoom-retsessiivse pärandumismustriga neurodegeneratiivne haigus, mille peamisteks kliinilisteks avaldusteks on varases lapseeas algav 1. tüüpi diabeet, nägemisnärvi atroofia, magediabeet ja sensorineuraalne kuulmislangus. Lisaks võivad esineda ka urotrakti väärarendid, mitmed erinevad neuroloogilised ning psühhiaatrilised probleemid.
Wolframi sündroomi põhjuseks on WFS1 geeni mutatsioon, mis paikneb 4. kromosoomi lühikeses õlas (4p16).
Esimeseks kliiniliseks avalduseks WS korral on diabeet. Diabeet tekib WS haigetel keskmiselt 6-aastaselt, poistel pisut varem kui tüdrukutel. Võrreldes 1. tüüpi diabeediga esineb Wolframi sündroomiga patsientidel vähem mikrovaskulaarseid komplikatsioone, ketoatsidoosi ja ka insuliini vajadus on väiksem. Täpne diabeedi tekkemehhanism WS korral ei ole teada.
Sageli kaasub WS-ga lühike kasv, mille üheks põhjuseks on leitud kasvuhormooni puudulikkus. Siiani puudub info WS-ga patsientide fertiilsusest. Meile teadaolevalt ei ole siiani uuritud WFS1 geeni rolli fertiilsuse mõjutamisel. Puuduvad ka andmed WS patsientide kilpnäärme funktsiooni ja energia ainevahetuse kohta.
Meie eesmärgiks oli uurida diabeedi kujunemist ja selle võimalikke patofüsioloogilisi põhjuseid WS loommudelil – Wfs1 puudulikkusega hiirel. Samuti soovisime anda ülevaate isasloomade viljakusest ning leida võiamaliku viljatuse põhjuseid.
Leidsime, et kasvuhäire ja diabeedi kujunemisel esinevad tõsised sugudevahelised erinevused. Kasvuhäire on Wfs1KO isashiirtel väljendunud juba sünnil, kusjuures emashiirtel kujuneb see alles esimeste elukuude jooksul. Mõlemast soost Wfs1KO hiirtel esineb väljendunud glükoosi tolerantsuse häire, kuid väljendunud diabeet koos madala plasma insuliini tasemega kujuneb ainult isashiirtel. Näitasime, et diabeedi tekkepõhjuseks Wfs1KO hiirtel pole mitte niivõrd primaarselt insuliini defitsiit, kuivõrd võimetus konverteerida mitteaktiivset proinsuliini aktiivseks insuliiniks.
Näitasime, et mutatsiooniga isashiirte viljakus on langenud ja selle põhjuseks on testistes ja spermas esinevad morfoloogilised muutused. Leidsime histoloogilisi muutuseid ka isashiirte kilpnäärmetes, kuid need ei mõjuta oluliselt kilpnäärme funktsiooni. Samuti ei esine olulisi erinevuseid Wfs1-defitsiitsete hiirte energia ainevahetuses.
Küll aga viitavad meie uuringutulemused ka võimalikule leptiini resistentsusele Wfs1KO emasloomadel, mille tõestamine vajab aga täiendavaid uuringuid.
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder usually diagnosed in childhood when non-autoimmune type I diabetes occurs with optic atrophy, cranial diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness. Also dilated renal outflow tracts, multiple neurological abnormalities and various neurological and psychiatric disorders can be present. The reason for WS is the mutation in the WFS1 gene. The exact mechanism of the development of the diabetes related to the WS is yet not known. Some data has shown that the onset of diabetes tends to occur earlier in boys than in girls. As yet there has been no data regarding the fertility of patients with WS. Previous studies have described anterior pituitary dysfunction and, in male patients, the presence of primary gonadal atrophy and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. As far as we know, the role of the Wfs1 gene in fertility, as well as in thyroid function and in energy metabolism, has not been studied. The aim of the study was to describe the development of the diabetes, fertility and energy metabolism disturbances in an animal model of WS – Wfs1-deficient mouse. We showed that the fertility of male mutant mice is impaired and the reasons for that are the morphological changes in the testes and sperm. Sperm motility is not affected in Wfs1KO mice. There are severe sex-related differences in the development of growth failure and diabetes. Growth failure in male Wfs1KO mice is already present from birth, whereas in females it develops during the first months of life. Severe glucose intolerance developed in both sexes, but overt diabetes with low plasma insulin levels occurs only in male Wfs1KO mice. One of the reasons for developing WS related diabetes is not the insulin deficiency itself, but the impairment in converting proinsulin to active insulin. The energy metabolism did not differ significantly between Wfs1 KO and wt mice. Our data also suggest some degree of leptin resistance in female Wfs1KO mice, which needs to be confirmed in further studies.
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder usually diagnosed in childhood when non-autoimmune type I diabetes occurs with optic atrophy, cranial diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness. Also dilated renal outflow tracts, multiple neurological abnormalities and various neurological and psychiatric disorders can be present. The reason for WS is the mutation in the WFS1 gene. The exact mechanism of the development of the diabetes related to the WS is yet not known. Some data has shown that the onset of diabetes tends to occur earlier in boys than in girls. As yet there has been no data regarding the fertility of patients with WS. Previous studies have described anterior pituitary dysfunction and, in male patients, the presence of primary gonadal atrophy and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. As far as we know, the role of the Wfs1 gene in fertility, as well as in thyroid function and in energy metabolism, has not been studied. The aim of the study was to describe the development of the diabetes, fertility and energy metabolism disturbances in an animal model of WS – Wfs1-deficient mouse. We showed that the fertility of male mutant mice is impaired and the reasons for that are the morphological changes in the testes and sperm. Sperm motility is not affected in Wfs1KO mice. There are severe sex-related differences in the development of growth failure and diabetes. Growth failure in male Wfs1KO mice is already present from birth, whereas in females it develops during the first months of life. Severe glucose intolerance developed in both sexes, but overt diabetes with low plasma insulin levels occurs only in male Wfs1KO mice. One of the reasons for developing WS related diabetes is not the insulin deficiency itself, but the impairment in converting proinsulin to active insulin. The energy metabolism did not differ significantly between Wfs1 KO and wt mice. Our data also suggest some degree of leptin resistance in female Wfs1KO mice, which needs to be confirmed in further studies.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
diabeet, Wolframi sündroom, kasvuhäired (med.), fertiilsus, mutatsioonid, energiavahetus, loommudelid, diabetes, Wolfram syndrome, growth disorders (med.), mutations, energy metabolism, animal models, fertility