Nõukogude propagandasüsteemi toimimine ajakirjanduse argipraktikate kaudu
Kuupäev
2014-08-15
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Käesoleva dissertatsiooni eesmärgiks oli kirjeldada ja seletada, kuidas nõukogude propagandasüsteem kasutas Eesti ajaloolis-kultuurilise eripära tingimustes oma eesmärkide elluviimisel Nõukogude Eesti ajakirjandust. Need väljakutsed, mida Eestimaa Kommunistliku Partei Keskkomiteele (EKP KK) esitasid Eesti ajaloolis-kultuurilised eripärad ning kuidas partei kasutas ühe abinõuna nendega toimetulekuks ajakirjandust, kinnitavad, et nõukogude propagandaaparaati ei saa käsitleda vaid kui parteile pimesi allunud ideoloogilist „ajupesumasinat“. Vastupidi, käesolev dissertatsioon annab täiendavat ainestikku, näitamaks kuivõrd keerukas, mitmetahuline- ja tasandiline oli nõukogude propagandasüsteem. Väitekirja eesmärgist lähtuvalt keskenduti analüüsimaterjali kogumisel kolmele kesksele uurimisküsimusele: (1) kuidas kasutati ajakirjandust kollektiivse mälu kujundamisel; (2) millised propaganda abinõusid kasutas EKP Eesti NSVs Soome TV mõju vähendamiseks; (3) ETV parteialgorganisatsiooni mõju ETV propagandategevusele. Kaardistamine, kuidas enam kui neljakümne aasta vältel kasutati trükiajakirjanduses ühte tähtpäeva liiduvabariigi kodanikkonna kollektiivse mälu kujundamisel, andis ainulaadse võimaluse aastakümnete vältel toimunud ühiskondlik-poliitiliste protsesside ning nõukogude propagandasüsteemi ja ajakirjanduse igapäevapraktikate vaheliste seoste analüüsimiseks. Uuringutulemused andsid ka Eesti ajakirjanduse ajaloole uue vaatenurga, kirjeldades ja aidates mõista, milline roll oli EKP KK-l külma sõja aegses propagandasõjas. Lisaks avas uurimistöö Eesti ajakirjanduse ajaloo vaatenurgast uue lähenemisviisi otsides esmakordselt seletusi spetsiifilisest ajaloolis-kultuurilise keskkonnast pärit ning selle keskkonnaga igapäevaselt seotud teleajakirjanike käitumisele nende tegevuse analüüsimisega parteialgorganisatsiooni tasandil.
The objective of this discussion was to describe and explain how the Soviet propaganda system used Soviet Estonian journalism in achieving its goals in the special conditions of Estonia’s historic-cultural peculiarity. Challenges posed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia by Estonia’s historic-cultural peculiarities, and the way in which the Party used the press as one means of dealing therewith, confirm that the Soviet propaganda apparatus cannot only be looked at as a mere ideological “brain washing machine”, blindly serving the Party. On the contrary, this dissertation provides additional subject matter to demonstrate the extreme complexity, multiplexity and multilayeredness of the Soviet propaganda system. Proceeding from the objective of the dissertation, collection of analytical material focused on the following three principal research questions: (1) How were journalistic sources used to shape collective memory? (2) Which propagandistic means were employed by the Communist Party of Estonia to reduce the influence of Finnish TV in Estonia? (3) What was the impact of the Communist Party subdivision at ETV on ETV’s propaganda activities? Mapping of the manner in which printed media used, in more than forty years, a particular anniversary to shape the collective memory of the citizens of a Soviet republic provided a unique opportunity to analyze the interconnectivity of socio-political processes that occurred over the decades to daily practices of the Soviet propaganda apparatus and journalism. Study results also provided a new perspective to the history of Estonian journalism, describing and helping comprehend the role of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia in the propaganda war of the Cold War era. Furthermore, the study opened a new take from the point of view of Estonian journalistic history as, for the first time, explanations were sought, by analyzing their activity at the level of the Party subdivision, to the behavior of television reporters that came from a specific historic-cultural background and were connected to the latter environment on a daily basis.
The objective of this discussion was to describe and explain how the Soviet propaganda system used Soviet Estonian journalism in achieving its goals in the special conditions of Estonia’s historic-cultural peculiarity. Challenges posed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia by Estonia’s historic-cultural peculiarities, and the way in which the Party used the press as one means of dealing therewith, confirm that the Soviet propaganda apparatus cannot only be looked at as a mere ideological “brain washing machine”, blindly serving the Party. On the contrary, this dissertation provides additional subject matter to demonstrate the extreme complexity, multiplexity and multilayeredness of the Soviet propaganda system. Proceeding from the objective of the dissertation, collection of analytical material focused on the following three principal research questions: (1) How were journalistic sources used to shape collective memory? (2) Which propagandistic means were employed by the Communist Party of Estonia to reduce the influence of Finnish TV in Estonia? (3) What was the impact of the Communist Party subdivision at ETV on ETV’s propaganda activities? Mapping of the manner in which printed media used, in more than forty years, a particular anniversary to shape the collective memory of the citizens of a Soviet republic provided a unique opportunity to analyze the interconnectivity of socio-political processes that occurred over the decades to daily practices of the Soviet propaganda apparatus and journalism. Study results also provided a new perspective to the history of Estonian journalism, describing and helping comprehend the role of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia in the propaganda war of the Cold War era. Furthermore, the study opened a new take from the point of view of Estonian journalistic history as, for the first time, explanations were sought, by analyzing their activity at the level of the Party subdivision, to the behavior of television reporters that came from a specific historic-cultural background and were connected to the latter environment on a daily basis.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.
Märksõnad
Eestimaa Kommunistliku Partei Keskkomitee, Eesti, ajakirjandus, nõukogude aeg, sotsialism, kommunistlikud parteid, teleajakirjandus, ajakirjandusajalugu, propaganda, Estonia, journalism, Soviet period, socialism, communist parties, TV-journalism, history of journalism