Heterogeneity of historical time: the contemporary Latvian novel in a comparative perspective
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
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Käesolevas väitekirjas uuritakse, kuidas kaasaegsed Läti ja Ida-Euroopa romaanid vaidlustavad ajaloolise aja domineerivat lineaarset mudelit, mis oli 20. sajandil keskne ning leidis oma kõige brutaalsema väljenduse totalitaarses poliitikas. Ühendades kirjandusteaduse ajaloo filosoofiaga, väidan, et postkommunistlik kirjandus on kooskõlas viimaste aruteludega ajaloofilosoofias, mis toovad esile aja heterogeensuse kui praeguse reaalsuse. Kasutades keerukaid narratiivseid ja poeetilisi strateegiaid, muudavad analüüsiks valitud romaanid 20. sajandi valusad kogemused elavalt kohalolevaks ning, häirides lineaarset ajalisust ja trotsides progressi ideega seotud kultuurilist unustamist, tegelevad eetiliselt mineviku ohvritega. Uurimus on jagatud neljaks artikliks, mis käsitlevad heterogeense aja kolme erinevat vormi. Esiteks vaadeldakse melanhoolia (Dominick LaCapra) eetilist potentsiaali vastupanus totalitaarsele ajapoliitikale sellistes romaanides nagu Gundega Repše “Raudu manat” (2011) ja Nora Ikstena “Emapiim” (2015). Teiseks analüüsitakse kohaloleku kontseptsiooni (Eelco Runia) ja metonüümia kasutamist mineviku esiletoomiseks postmemoriaalsetes teostes, võrreldes Andra Manfelde romaani “Punkrilapsed” (2010) ja Katja Petrowskaja romaani “Võib-olla Ester” (2014). Lõpuks arutleb väitekiri, kuidas romaani struktuur suudab endasse mahutada ülevat ajaloolist kogemust (Frank Ankersmit) sellistes tekstides nagu Pauls Bankovskise “18” (2014) ja Dušan Šarotari “Panorama” (2014). Tulemused näitavad, et mittelineaarsete vormiliste strateegiate ja poeetilise keele abil ületavad need romaanid mineviku ja oleviku lihtsustatud eraldatuse luues uusi, eetiliselt laetud suhteid ajalooga. Lõppkokkuvõttes võib siin välja töötatud teoreetiline raamistik olla aluseks Ida-Euroopa kirjanduste tulevastele uuringutele.
This dissertation investigates how contemporary Latvian and Eastern European novels challenge the dominant linear model of historical time, which was central to the 20th century and found its most brutal expression in totalitarian politics. Connecting literary studies with the philosophy of history, I argue that post-communist fiction aligns with recent discussions in philosophy of history that foreground the heterogeneity of time as a current reality. Employing complex narrative and poetic strategies, the novels chosen for analysis make the disruptive experiences of the 20th century vividly present and, by disturbing linear temporality and defying cultural forgetting related to the idea of progress, ethically engage with past victims. The research is organized into four articles, which explore three distinct modes of heterogeneous time. First, the study examines the ethical potential of melancholy (Dominick LaCapra) in resisting the totalitarian politics of time in novels such as Gundega Repše’s Conjuring Iron (2011) and Nora Ikstena’s Soviet Milk (2015). Second, it analyzes the concept of presence (Eelco Runia) and the use of metonymy to evoke the past in postmemorial works, comparing Andra Manfelde’s The Children of the Dugout (2010) and Katja Petrowskaja’s Maybe Esther (2014). Lastly, the dissertation discusses how novel structure can accommodate the overwhelming feeling of sublime historical experience (Frank Ankersmit) in texts like Pauls Bankovskis’ 18 (2014) and Dušan Šarotar’s Panorama (2014). The findings demonstrate that through non-linear formal strategies and poetic language, these novels transcend a simple past-present division, forging new, ethically charged relationships with history. Ultimately, the theoretical framework developed here can inform future research on Eastern European literature.
This dissertation investigates how contemporary Latvian and Eastern European novels challenge the dominant linear model of historical time, which was central to the 20th century and found its most brutal expression in totalitarian politics. Connecting literary studies with the philosophy of history, I argue that post-communist fiction aligns with recent discussions in philosophy of history that foreground the heterogeneity of time as a current reality. Employing complex narrative and poetic strategies, the novels chosen for analysis make the disruptive experiences of the 20th century vividly present and, by disturbing linear temporality and defying cultural forgetting related to the idea of progress, ethically engage with past victims. The research is organized into four articles, which explore three distinct modes of heterogeneous time. First, the study examines the ethical potential of melancholy (Dominick LaCapra) in resisting the totalitarian politics of time in novels such as Gundega Repše’s Conjuring Iron (2011) and Nora Ikstena’s Soviet Milk (2015). Second, it analyzes the concept of presence (Eelco Runia) and the use of metonymy to evoke the past in postmemorial works, comparing Andra Manfelde’s The Children of the Dugout (2010) and Katja Petrowskaja’s Maybe Esther (2014). Lastly, the dissertation discusses how novel structure can accommodate the overwhelming feeling of sublime historical experience (Frank Ankersmit) in texts like Pauls Bankovskis’ 18 (2014) and Dušan Šarotar’s Panorama (2014). The findings demonstrate that through non-linear formal strategies and poetic language, these novels transcend a simple past-present division, forging new, ethically charged relationships with history. Ultimately, the theoretical framework developed here can inform future research on Eastern European literature.
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