Antecedents and consequences of divorce in Estonia from longitudinal and multigenerational perspectives
Date
2017-12-04
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Abstract
Abielude sõlmimise ja lagunemise trendid on pidevalt nii teaduslike kui maailmavaateliste väitluste tulipunktis. Käesolevas töös vaadatakse abielulahutuste põhjuseid ja tagajärgi lastele inimese elutee perspektiivist. Selleks kasutatakse kahe sotsioloogilise uuringu andmeid: „Ühe põlvkonna elutee“, milles jälgitakse 1983. aasta keskkoolilõpetajate edasist eluteed kuni aastani 2005 ning uuring „Laste väärtus ja põlvkondadevahelised suhted“, mille Eesti andmed koguti aastal 2009.
Uuringute käigus selgus, et suurt rolli lahutuse riski puhul mängib abiellumisvanus. Suurema tõenäosusega lahutatakse nooremas vanuses sõlmitud kooselud, registreeritud abielud on stabiilsemad kui vabaabielud. Samuti on väiksem lahutuse risk sellistes peredes, kus kasvavad ka lapsed. Abikaasade hariduse mõju lahutuse riskile on tunduvalt väiksem. Uuringust selgus, et naiste puhul haridustase lahutuse riski ei mõjuta. Meeste puhul oli kõrgharidusega vastajatel veidi väiksem lahutuse risk.
Töös otsiti ka vastust küsimusele, kas ja kuidas vanemate lahutus mõjutab noore inimese eluplaane ja tegelikku eluteed. Selgus, et vanemate lahutuse mõju on nähtav eriti tüdrukute puhul. Lahutatud vanematega perest pärit tüdrukud plaanivad varem kodust välja kolida kui kahe koos elava vanemaga kasvanud tüdrukud. Tegelikult kodust väljakolimise vanustes siiski erinevusi ei leidunud. Küll aga oli näha, et lahutatud vanematega perest pärit tüdrukud hakkavad oma peret looma nooremas vanuses. Seega, tehtud plaanid ja tegelikud elusündmused olid vanemate lahutusest mõjutatud eri viisil.
Samuti vaadati töös, kuidas mõjutab päritolupere noorte inimeste hoiakuid abielulahutuste suhtes. Uuringust selgus, et 15-aastaste laste hoiakud abielulahutuste suhtes ei sõltunud suurel määral nende emade hoiakutest lahutuste suhtes ega ka kasvupere tüübist. Tundub, et tegemist on noorte jaoks piisavalt isikliku teemaga, kus otsused langetatakse peamiselt ise.
The marriage and divorce trends are currently in the middle of debates both academically as well as in everyday life. The current dissertation looks at the antecedents and consequences of divorces from life course perspective. It uses data from two sociological studies: „Paths of a generation” that started in the year 1983 and followed the life course of secondary school graduates from this year until 2005 and the study “Value of Children” from the year 2009. The studies showed that marriages formed at early ages are less stable than marriages that are formed in the middle and late 20s. Also cohabitations tend to be less stable than registered marriages and children in the family tend to reduce the divorce risk. Educational level had an effect on the divorce risk only for men, not for women; men with university education had lower divorce risks. When looking at the consequences of parental divorce for children’s lives, it can be seen that girls from divorce families planned to move out from parental home earlier but actually later did not do so. Still when looking at their actual life course, girls with divorce parents tended to start their first unions earlier. The results suggest that the impact of parental divorce especially for girls’ family life decisions is complex and mediated by different contextual and life course decisions. The study also was aimed to look how are children’s attitudes toward divorce influenced by the family of origin. We looked if mothers’ and children’s attitudes toward divorces are similar and if parental divorce had an effect on children’s divorce attitudes. The results show that there is very little or no attitude transmission between generations in the family. We also saw that parental divorce in general did not have a strong effect on children’s divorce attitudes.
The marriage and divorce trends are currently in the middle of debates both academically as well as in everyday life. The current dissertation looks at the antecedents and consequences of divorces from life course perspective. It uses data from two sociological studies: „Paths of a generation” that started in the year 1983 and followed the life course of secondary school graduates from this year until 2005 and the study “Value of Children” from the year 2009. The studies showed that marriages formed at early ages are less stable than marriages that are formed in the middle and late 20s. Also cohabitations tend to be less stable than registered marriages and children in the family tend to reduce the divorce risk. Educational level had an effect on the divorce risk only for men, not for women; men with university education had lower divorce risks. When looking at the consequences of parental divorce for children’s lives, it can be seen that girls from divorce families planned to move out from parental home earlier but actually later did not do so. Still when looking at their actual life course, girls with divorce parents tended to start their first unions earlier. The results suggest that the impact of parental divorce especially for girls’ family life decisions is complex and mediated by different contextual and life course decisions. The study also was aimed to look how are children’s attitudes toward divorce influenced by the family of origin. We looked if mothers’ and children’s attitudes toward divorces are similar and if parental divorce had an effect on children’s divorce attitudes. The results show that there is very little or no attitude transmission between generations in the family. We also saw that parental divorce in general did not have a strong effect on children’s divorce attitudes.
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Keywords
abielulahutus, lahkuminek, riskitegurid, mõjud, peresuhted, lapsevanema-lapse suhe, lapsed, hoiakud, Eesti, divorce, separation, risk factors, impacts, family relationships, parent-child relationship, children, attitudes, Estonia