Irc3 is a mitochondrial branch migration enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Kuupäev
2018-02-15
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Mitokonder (mt) on raku organell, mida tihtipeale seostatakse oksüdatiivse fosforüleerimisega ehk energia tootmisega ATP kujul. Mitokondris on oma genoom, mis kodeerib mõningaid valgulisi komponente oksüdatiivse fosforüülimise läbiviimiseks. Seetõttu on mitokondri genoom hädavajalik enamike eukarüootsete organismide ellujäämiseks. Kuna mt genoom ei kodeeri kõiki mitokondri funktsioneerimiseks vajalikke valke, siis on enamik mitokondriaalseid valke tuuma päritolu. Kuidas mitokondriaalset DNAd säilitatakse ja millised valgud selles osalevad pole lõplikult teada. Seda protsessi aitab paremini mõista uute mtDNA säilitamises osalevate valguliste faktorite väljaselgitamine. Pagaripärm S. cerevisiae on eukarüootne mudelorganism, mille eripäraks on võime eksisteerida ilma mtDNA-ta. See teeb antud mudelorganismi mugavaks mudelobjektiks mtDNA säilitamisega seotud protsesside uurimisel.
Antud töö eesmärk oli uurida valgu Irc3 bioloogilist rolli pagaripärims. Senini oli teada, et see valk sisaldab konserveerunud helikaasseid motiive ning tundmatu funktsiooniga C-terminaalset domeeni. Lisaks arvati, et Irc3 omab funktsiooni mitokondris. Leidsime, et Irc3 on tõepoolest mitokondriaalne valk, mis on vajalik mtDNA säilitamiseks. Lisaks näitasid biokeemilised katsed, et Irc3 on spetsiifiline DNA helikaas, mis töötab hargnenuid DNA struktuuridega nagu replikatioonikahvlid ja Holliday ühendused. Uurides valku Irc3 lähemalt selgus, et ensüümi C-terminaalne domeen tagab valgu spetsifilisuse nimetatud struktuuride suhtes ja on vajalik enamuste ensüümi aktiivsuste säilimiseks.
Minu doktoritöö tulemusel paigutub Irc3 spetsiifiliste helikaaside hulka. Need valgud funktsioneerivad homoloogilise rekombinatsiooni valdkonnas. Arvatavasti omab Irc3 pärmi mitokondris mitu funktsiooni olles nii spetsiifilise mtDNA reparatsiooni raja, käivitaja, homoloogilise rekombinatsiooni katalüüsija kui ka rekombinatsiooni kontrollija. Rekombinatsioon on sage protsess pärmi mitokondris ja hädavajalik mtDNA säilitamiseks. Antud töö näitas veenvalt, et helikaasse aktiivsusega valk, mis töötab hargnenud DNA molekulide peal, on vajalik pärmi mitokondriaalse säilitamise DNA jaoks.
Mitochondria are cellular organelles required for production of energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain their own reduced genome that encodes some protein components of the respiratory chain complexes. Therefore, the mitochondrial genome is essential for survival of the most eukaryotic organisms. The process of mitochondrial DNA maintenance is largely uncharacterized. The vast majority of mitochondrial proteins have nuclear origin and the total number of proteins implicated in mitochondrial DNA maintenance remains unknown. Baker´s yeast S. cerevisiae is eukaryotic model organism that can survive without mitochondrial DNA and by thus is very suitable for studying processes involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance. The aim of this work was to understand the biological role of Irc3 in S. cerevisiae. In silico analysis predicted that Irc3 is a helicase as its sequence contained conserved helicase motifs. However, the protein also contained a large C-terminal domain of unknown function. Irc3 gained our attention as the protein was predicted to be targeted to mitochondria. Our analysis demonstrated that Irc3 is indeed a mitochondrial protein that is required for stable mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Our biochemical experiments defined Irc3 as specific DNA helicase that can remodel branched DNA structures such as replication forks and Holliday junctions. The analysis of Irc3 mutants demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of the protein is required for the binding of branched DNA structures and is indispensable for almost any enzymatic function. The results of my studies place Irc3 into the group of specific helicases functioning in homologous recombination. Most likely, Irc3 is a multifunctional protein in yeast mitochondria. The protein could promote the specific DNA repair pathway, catalyze homologous recombination and have a role in recombination surveillance. Recombination is a frequent event in yeast mitochondria important for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. This work has convincingly shown that a DNA helicase involved in the processing of branched DNA molecules is required for yeast mitochondrial DNA maintenance.
Mitochondria are cellular organelles required for production of energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain their own reduced genome that encodes some protein components of the respiratory chain complexes. Therefore, the mitochondrial genome is essential for survival of the most eukaryotic organisms. The process of mitochondrial DNA maintenance is largely uncharacterized. The vast majority of mitochondrial proteins have nuclear origin and the total number of proteins implicated in mitochondrial DNA maintenance remains unknown. Baker´s yeast S. cerevisiae is eukaryotic model organism that can survive without mitochondrial DNA and by thus is very suitable for studying processes involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance. The aim of this work was to understand the biological role of Irc3 in S. cerevisiae. In silico analysis predicted that Irc3 is a helicase as its sequence contained conserved helicase motifs. However, the protein also contained a large C-terminal domain of unknown function. Irc3 gained our attention as the protein was predicted to be targeted to mitochondria. Our analysis demonstrated that Irc3 is indeed a mitochondrial protein that is required for stable mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Our biochemical experiments defined Irc3 as specific DNA helicase that can remodel branched DNA structures such as replication forks and Holliday junctions. The analysis of Irc3 mutants demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of the protein is required for the binding of branched DNA structures and is indispensable for almost any enzymatic function. The results of my studies place Irc3 into the group of specific helicases functioning in homologous recombination. Most likely, Irc3 is a multifunctional protein in yeast mitochondria. The protein could promote the specific DNA repair pathway, catalyze homologous recombination and have a role in recombination surveillance. Recombination is a frequent event in yeast mitochondria important for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. This work has convincingly shown that a DNA helicase involved in the processing of branched DNA molecules is required for yeast mitochondrial DNA maintenance.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
mitokondrid, mitokondriaalne DNA, helikaasid, ATP-aasid, biokeemilised aspektid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, DNA helicases, ATP-ases, biochemical aspects