Development of instrumental methods for the analysis of textile fibres and dyes
Date
2020-07-14
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärgiks oli välja töötada meetodid tekstiilikiudude ja looduslike punaste värvainete identifitseerimiseks, et uurida erinevaid kultuuriväärtuslikke objekte. Kiudude ja värvainete analüüs on oluline, et saada informatsiooni uuritavate objektide ajaloo, päritolu ja seisundi kohta, samuti kuidas neid esemeid säilitada ja restaureerida.
Tekstiilikiudude analüüsi jaoks mõõdeti 16 erineva kiutüübi infrapunaspektrid (FT-IR spektrid) kasutades nii ATR-FT-IR spektromeetrit kui ka FT-IR mikrospektromeetrit ATR kui ka peegeldustehnika (reflectance) režiimides. Kasutatud peegeldus-FT-IR spektroskoopiline meetod on eriline selle poolest, et võimaldab proove analüüsida kontaktivabalt, mis on eriti oluline väga õrnade ja väärtuslike ajalooliste ja arheoloogiliste proovide uurimise juures.
Tekstiilivärvainete analüüsimiseks kasutati viite erinevat instrumentaaltehnikat – vedelikkromatograafia UV-Vis-, fluorestsents- ja massispektromeetrilise (MS) detektoriga ning kõrglahutusega MS ESI ja MALDI ioonallikaga, nii positiivses kui negatiivses režiimis – et uurida seitset erinevat looduslikku punast värvainet. Erinevate meetodite kombineeritud kasutamine võimaldas saada rohkem vajalikku informatsiooni uuritud värvaine standardite kohta ning analüüsida reaalseid proove efektiivsemalt.
Töö tulemusena koostati suur standardspektrite ja -kromatogrammide kogu, mida on võimalik kasutada tundmatute kultuuriväärtuslike, kuid ka kriminalistika ja tööstuslike, proovide identifitseerimiseks. Tekstiilikiudude kollektsiooni kuulub praeguseks üle 4000 ATR-FT-IR ja peegeldus-FT-IR spektri. Seitset punast looduslikku värvainet iseloomustab kokku 113 kromatogrammi ja spektrit, mis on mõõdetud viie erineva instrumendiga ning interpreteeritud.
Väljatöötatud meetodite kasulikkus on tõestatud, analüüsides erinevaid ajaloolisi proove Eesti Rahva Muuseumist, Konserveerimis- ja digiteerimiskeskusest Kanut ja erakogudest.
The aim of this thesis was to develop methods to analyse and identify textile fibres and natural red textile dyes in cultural heritage objects. Identification of these materials can be important to learn more about the origin, usage and condition of historical objects and also how to preserve and restore these artefacts. For textile fibre identification, 16 different fibre types were analysed using ATR-FT-IR spectrometer (ATR-FT-IR), FT-IR microspectrometer with reflectance (r-FT-IR) and ATR (mATR-FT-IR) modes to create a standard collection of spectra that can be used for identification of fibre type of unknown textile samples. With r-FT-IR, identification can be totally non-invasive, highly beneficial for analysing valuable cultural heritage and archaeological finds. For dye analysis, method development was done using seven natural red dyes and five different instrumental techniques – liquid chromatography with UV-Vis, fluorescence and mass-spectrometric (MS) detectors and direct high-resolution MS with ESI and MALDI sources using positive and negative ion modes. Combined usage of these instruments enabled to gain more information about the analysed natural dyes and thus making the identification of dyes from case-study samples more efficient. In this work, a large collection of standard spectra and chromatograms was created, which is a helpful tool for identifying unknown fibres and dyes in cultural heritage objects, but also analysing forensic evidence or industrial products. The standard collection consists of more than 4000 ATR-FT-IR and r-FT-IR spectra from 16 different textile fibre types. Seven natural red dyes are characterised with 113 chromatograms/ spectra using five different instrumental techniques. The usefulness of the developed methods was demonstrated by analysing several historical samples from Estonian National Museum, Conservation and Digitization Centre Kanut (Estonia) and private collections.
The aim of this thesis was to develop methods to analyse and identify textile fibres and natural red textile dyes in cultural heritage objects. Identification of these materials can be important to learn more about the origin, usage and condition of historical objects and also how to preserve and restore these artefacts. For textile fibre identification, 16 different fibre types were analysed using ATR-FT-IR spectrometer (ATR-FT-IR), FT-IR microspectrometer with reflectance (r-FT-IR) and ATR (mATR-FT-IR) modes to create a standard collection of spectra that can be used for identification of fibre type of unknown textile samples. With r-FT-IR, identification can be totally non-invasive, highly beneficial for analysing valuable cultural heritage and archaeological finds. For dye analysis, method development was done using seven natural red dyes and five different instrumental techniques – liquid chromatography with UV-Vis, fluorescence and mass-spectrometric (MS) detectors and direct high-resolution MS with ESI and MALDI sources using positive and negative ion modes. Combined usage of these instruments enabled to gain more information about the analysed natural dyes and thus making the identification of dyes from case-study samples more efficient. In this work, a large collection of standard spectra and chromatograms was created, which is a helpful tool for identifying unknown fibres and dyes in cultural heritage objects, but also analysing forensic evidence or industrial products. The standard collection consists of more than 4000 ATR-FT-IR and r-FT-IR spectra from 16 different textile fibre types. Seven natural red dyes are characterised with 113 chromatograms/ spectra using five different instrumental techniques. The usefulness of the developed methods was demonstrated by analysing several historical samples from Estonian National Museum, Conservation and Digitization Centre Kanut (Estonia) and private collections.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
textile materials, textile fibres, dyestuffs, methods