Infants’ procedural pain management with non-pharmacological methods in Estonian hospitals: parents’ and nurses’ perspectives
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Vastsündinud ja imikud kogevad haiglas sageli valulikke protseduure. Kuigi need on meditsiiniliselt vajalikud, võivad korduvad valukogemused mõjutada lapse arengut, tervist ja heaolu. Vastsündinute hoolduses lähtutakse perekesksuse põhimõtetest, mis rõhutab vanemate piiramatut haiglas viibimist, kaasamist ja toetust sh protseduuri valu leevendamist. Nahk-naha kontakt, rinnaga toitmine, lapse hoidmine ja lohutamine on tõhusad mitte-farmakoloogilised protseduurivalu leevendamise meetodid ning aitavad vanematel täita loomulikku rolli lapse turvatunde tagamisel ka stressirohketes olukordades. Õdedel on keskne roll valu hindamisel, leevendamisel, vanemate kaasamisel ja toetamisel.
Doktoritöös uuriti imikute protseduurivalu hindamist ja leevendamist mittefarmakoloogiliste meetodite abil ja vanemate kaasamist nii õdede kui vanemate vaatekohast. Uurimus kirjeldab vanemate kogemusi ettevalmistusest protseduurivalu leevendamises osalemiseks. Selline mitmetasandiline lähenemine süvendab arusaama perede kaasamisest imikute valuravis ning loob aluse tõenduspõhise valuravi arendamiseks.
Doktoritöö tulemused näitavad, et Eesti haiglate vastsündinute osakondades on imikute protseduurivalu käsitlemine tingitud tõenduspõhiste praktikate ebapiisavast rakendamisest, ebaselgest kommunikatsioonist. Lisaks on õdedel ja vanematel erinevad arusaamad vanemate juhendamisest ja kaasamisest. See võib jätta lapse jaoks kasutamata olulise turvatunde allika ning suurendab vanemate stressi ja abitust. Tulemused toovad esile vajaduse tervikliku ja toetava lähenemise järele, mis eeldab poliitikakujundajate, haiglate, õdede kutseorganisatsioonide ja haridusasutuste koostööd. Oluline on imikute valu süstemaatiline hindamine, tõenduspõhiste leevendusmeetodite järjepidev rakendamine ning perekeskset lähenemist toetava keskkonna loomine. Õdede ettevalmistus ja täiendkoolitus on seejuures võtmetähtsusega, et toetada vanemate osalemist lapse protseduurivalu leevendamises ja tagada turvaline ning tõenduspõhine valuravi.
Newborns and infants often undergo medically necessary painful procedures in hospitals, yet repeated pain can adversely affect their development, well-being, and health. Contemporary healthcare recognizes parents as active partners, and family-centered care emphasizes continuous parental presence, which supports both effective pain management and family engagement. Newborns have the right to safe, evidence-based pain management. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and holding and soothing the infant, effectively reduce procedural pain while allowing parents to provide comfort and security, even in stressful situations. Nurses play a pivotal role in assessing pain, implementing management strategies, and supporting parents. This doctoral thesis explores procedural pain assessment and management from the perspectives of nurses and parents, including parents’ experiences of preparing to participate in pain management. The multi-level approach deepens understanding of family involvement in infant pain management and informs the development of evidence-based practices. Study findings provide guidance for updating clinical protocols and enhancing awareness among healthcare professionals and parents about infant pain management options. Results indicate inconsistent application of evidence-based methods, variable adherence to family-centered care, and insufficient communication between nurses and parents. Pain assessment and documentation are not always systematic, and organizational constraints limit parental involvement, depriving infants of a key source of comfort and increasing parental stress. Addressing these gaps requires a comprehensive strategy involving policymakers, hospitals, nursing organizations, and educational institutions to ensure systematic pain assessment, consistent implementation of evidence-based interventions, and a supportive family-centered environment. Preparing and continuously educating nurses is essential to enable parents to fulfill their role and ensure every newborn receives safe, evidence-based pain management.
Newborns and infants often undergo medically necessary painful procedures in hospitals, yet repeated pain can adversely affect their development, well-being, and health. Contemporary healthcare recognizes parents as active partners, and family-centered care emphasizes continuous parental presence, which supports both effective pain management and family engagement. Newborns have the right to safe, evidence-based pain management. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and holding and soothing the infant, effectively reduce procedural pain while allowing parents to provide comfort and security, even in stressful situations. Nurses play a pivotal role in assessing pain, implementing management strategies, and supporting parents. This doctoral thesis explores procedural pain assessment and management from the perspectives of nurses and parents, including parents’ experiences of preparing to participate in pain management. The multi-level approach deepens understanding of family involvement in infant pain management and informs the development of evidence-based practices. Study findings provide guidance for updating clinical protocols and enhancing awareness among healthcare professionals and parents about infant pain management options. Results indicate inconsistent application of evidence-based methods, variable adherence to family-centered care, and insufficient communication between nurses and parents. Pain assessment and documentation are not always systematic, and organizational constraints limit parental involvement, depriving infants of a key source of comfort and increasing parental stress. Addressing these gaps requires a comprehensive strategy involving policymakers, hospitals, nursing organizations, and educational institutions to ensure systematic pain assessment, consistent implementation of evidence-based interventions, and a supportive family-centered environment. Preparing and continuously educating nurses is essential to enable parents to fulfill their role and ensure every newborn receives safe, evidence-based pain management.
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