MicroRNAs in the regulation of keratinocyte responses in psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis
Date
2020-09-18
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Abstract
Nahk on meie organismi suurim organ, mis kaitseb meid väliskeskkonna mõjude eest. Häired naharakkude omavahelises suhtlemises ja kaitsefunktsioonis võivad viia erinevate põletikuliste nahahaiguste välja kujunemiseni. Psoriaas ja atoopiline dermatiit on ühed sagedasemad kroonilised põletikulised nahahaigused. Psoriaasi sagedus on keskmiselt 2-3% ning atoopilise dermatiidil täiskasvanutel 2-5% ja lastel isegi kuni 20%. Psoriaasi kirjeldab punane põletikuline selgelt piiritletavate laikudega kestendav lööve. Atoopilist dermatiiti iseloomustab põletikune sügelev lööve. Neid haigusi põdevate patsientide elukvaliteet on langenud ja samuti esinevad neil mitmed kaasuvad haigused, nagu näiteks psoriaatiline artriit, südameveresoonkonna haigused ja vaimsed probleemid. Mõlemate haigusi väljakujunemisel on kaasatud naharakud, mis on võimelised tootma signaalmolekule, mis mõjutavad immuunrakkude liikumist ja aktiivsust nahas ning immuunrakud omakorda mõjutavad naha rakke. Tulemusena kujunebki psoriaasile ja atoopilisele dermatiidile iseloomulik kliiniline pilt.
miRNA-d on lühikesed RNA molekulid, mis reguleerivad väga suure hulga geenide ekspressiooni rakkudes. Töös kirjeldati miR-146a ja miR-146b (miR-146a/b) ning miR-10a funktsioone naha rakkudes vastavalt seoses psoriaasi või atoopilise dermatiidiga. Eelnevalt oli näidatud, et miR-146a on võimelised alla suruma põletikulisi protsesse nahas, kuid miR-146b ja miR-10a roll naha rakkudes oli teadmata. Leidsime, et psoriaasis patsientide nahas on miR-146a/b tase suurenenud ja need suruvad alla selliste geenide taset, mis omakorda mõjutavad põletikulisi protsesse ja naharakkude jagunemist. Näitasime, et läbi selle pärsivad miR-146a/b psoriaasile iseloomulikke rakulisi protsesse, kuid miR-146a/b kõrgem ekspressioon nahas psoriaasi korral ei ole suutelised haiguse väljakujunemist ära hoidma. Teiseks tuvastasime miR-10a suurenenud taseme atoopilise dermatiidi patsientide nahas. Leidsime, et miR-10a tase naharakkudes sõltub rakkude diferentseerumise staadiumist ning et miR-10a peamiseks rolliks on naharakkude jagunemise aeglustamine ning lisaks surub miR-10a alla naharakkudes põletikulisi protsesse. Seetõttu võib oletada, et miR-10a mõjutab atoopilise dermatiidi teket ja kulgu.
The skin is the largest organ in our body that protects us from the outside environment. Dysfunction in the interaction and protective functions of the skin cells can lead to the development of various inflammatory skin diseases. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are among the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The incidence of psoriasis is on average 2-3% and in atopic dermatitis 2-5% in adults and even up to 20% in children. Psoriasis is characterized by a red inflammatory rash with scaly patches. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by an inflammatory itchy rash. Patients with these diseases have a reduced quality of life and also have several co-morbidities, such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and mental health problems. The development of both diseases involves the skin cells that are capable of producing signaling molecules that affect the movement and activity of immune cells in the skin, and immune cells in turn affect skin cells. The result is a clinical phenotype seen in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. miRNAs are short RNA molecules that regulate the expression of a very large number of genes in cells. In this thesis, the functions of miR-146a and miR-146b (miR-146a / b) and miR-10a in skin cells in relation to psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, respectively, were described. MiR-146a has previously been shown to be able to suppress inflammatory processes in the skin, but the role of miR-146b and miR-10a in skin cells was unknown. We found that the levels of miR-146a/b in the skin of patients with psoriasis were increased and suppressed the levels of genes that in turn affect inflammatory processes and the division of skin cells. We have shown that miR-146a/b inhibits the cellular processes characteristic to psoriasis, however, the higher expression of miR-146a/b in the skin of psoriasis patients is not able to prevent the development of the disease. Secondly, we detected elevated levels of miR-10a in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients. We found that the level of miR-10a in skin cells depends on the stage of cell differentiation and that the main role of miR-10a is to slow down the division of skin cells and, also, to suppress inflammatory processes in skin cells. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that miR-10a affects the development and course of atopic dermatitis.
The skin is the largest organ in our body that protects us from the outside environment. Dysfunction in the interaction and protective functions of the skin cells can lead to the development of various inflammatory skin diseases. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are among the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The incidence of psoriasis is on average 2-3% and in atopic dermatitis 2-5% in adults and even up to 20% in children. Psoriasis is characterized by a red inflammatory rash with scaly patches. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by an inflammatory itchy rash. Patients with these diseases have a reduced quality of life and also have several co-morbidities, such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and mental health problems. The development of both diseases involves the skin cells that are capable of producing signaling molecules that affect the movement and activity of immune cells in the skin, and immune cells in turn affect skin cells. The result is a clinical phenotype seen in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. miRNAs are short RNA molecules that regulate the expression of a very large number of genes in cells. In this thesis, the functions of miR-146a and miR-146b (miR-146a / b) and miR-10a in skin cells in relation to psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, respectively, were described. MiR-146a has previously been shown to be able to suppress inflammatory processes in the skin, but the role of miR-146b and miR-10a in skin cells was unknown. We found that the levels of miR-146a/b in the skin of patients with psoriasis were increased and suppressed the levels of genes that in turn affect inflammatory processes and the division of skin cells. We have shown that miR-146a/b inhibits the cellular processes characteristic to psoriasis, however, the higher expression of miR-146a/b in the skin of psoriasis patients is not able to prevent the development of the disease. Secondly, we detected elevated levels of miR-10a in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients. We found that the level of miR-10a in skin cells depends on the stage of cell differentiation and that the main role of miR-10a is to slow down the division of skin cells and, also, to suppress inflammatory processes in skin cells. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that miR-10a affects the development and course of atopic dermatitis.
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Keywords
microRNA, keratinocytes, cellular immunity, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis