Essays on labour mobility and labour productivity
Kuupäev
2022-09-02
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Doktoritöö kolme uurimuse fookuses on üks tööjõu tootlikkuse teguritest, tööjõu mobiilsus, äritsükli eri faasides. Eesti paindlik tööturg 2008–2009. aastate majanduskriisi ajal on pea eksperimentaalseks keskkonnaks majanduslanguse ajal aset leidva tööjõu mobiilsuse uurimisel.
Kõigepealt analüüsitakse töötajate vaadeldavaid karakteristikuid, mis on seotud töötajate tootlikkusega indiviidi tasemel. Leitakse, et pööratud U kujuga vanuse- tootlikkuse kõver on laugem kõrgepalgalistel võrreldes madalapalgalistega. Selgub, et juurde palgatud vanemaealised on keskmiselt vähemalt sama tootlikud kui noored ja ettevõtetel pole seetõttu põhjust vanemate töötajate palkamisest hoiduda.
Teises uurimuses vaadeldakse, kuidas töökohti vahetavate töötajate individuaalsed karakteristikud muutuvad äritsükli eri faasides. Kinnitust leiab varasemate uuringute tulemus, et töötajate individuaalsed karakteristikud ei ole majanduslanguse ajal olulised ametiala vahetamise tõenäosusega seotud tegurid, kuid ilmneb, et majanduskriisi ajal tõuseb tööstaaži ja palga tähtsus.
Tööjõu tootlikkuse ja mobiilsuse vahelist seost käsitletakse kolmandas uurimuses. Seos võib olla positiivne, kuni mobiilsus ei muutu ettevõtetele ja töötajatele koormavaks. Ettevõtetel on seejuures teooreetiliselt suurem tõenäosus töötajate liikumist tootlikkuse huvides ära kasutada just majanduslanguse faasis. Ka käesolevas töös näidatakse, et tööjõu vahetamisvoogude seos tootlikkusega on majanduslanguse faasis pööratud U kujuga.
Tootlikumad ettevõtted võivad olla edukamad töötajate mobiilsuse ära kasutamises, sest majanduskriisi ajal võib toimuda ressursside liikumine tootlikumatesse ettevõtetesse. Käesolevas töös näidatakse, et majanduslanguse faasis on tööjõu vahetamisvoogude ja tööjõu tootlikkuse seos tugevam välisosalusega ettevõtetes kui kodumaistes, seda aga ainult teenuste sektoris. Tööstuse sektoris välisosalusega ja kodumaiste ettevõtete vahel erinevust ei leitud.
The three studies of the thesis focus on labour market flexibility at the micro level as a factor of labour productivity in different phases of the business cycle. The flexible Estonian labour market during the global crisis of 2008–2009 almost represents an experimental setting where all the recession-related processes of labour mobility should be observable. First, observable characteristics of employees are analysed to clarify their effect on the labour productivity of individuals. The age-productivity curve is found to be flatter for high-waged employees than for low-waged employees. Hired older employees are shown to be at least as productive as young, and therefore firms do not need to avoid hiring older employees. Study 2 looks at how the individual characteristics of mobile employees change in different phases of the business cycle. The previous result that the role of personal characteristics in occupational mobility decreases in recessions is confirmed, but the increased importance of tenure and wages is also shown. In the third study, the relationship between labour mobility and labour productivity is analysed. This relationship may be positive to a certain extent until labour mobility becomes a burden for firms and employees. In theory, during recessions firms have more opportunities to use labour mobility in order to increase the labour productivity of the firm. This thesis also confirms that the relationship between churning and labour productivity has an inverse U shape in a crisis (and optimal churning rate could be calculated). More productive firms may be more successful in profiting from labour mobility because during a recession, resources may move to more productive firms. Study 3 shows that the relationship between labour churning and labour productivity growth is stronger in foreign-owned firms than domestic firms, but only during recessions and only in the services sector.
The three studies of the thesis focus on labour market flexibility at the micro level as a factor of labour productivity in different phases of the business cycle. The flexible Estonian labour market during the global crisis of 2008–2009 almost represents an experimental setting where all the recession-related processes of labour mobility should be observable. First, observable characteristics of employees are analysed to clarify their effect on the labour productivity of individuals. The age-productivity curve is found to be flatter for high-waged employees than for low-waged employees. Hired older employees are shown to be at least as productive as young, and therefore firms do not need to avoid hiring older employees. Study 2 looks at how the individual characteristics of mobile employees change in different phases of the business cycle. The previous result that the role of personal characteristics in occupational mobility decreases in recessions is confirmed, but the increased importance of tenure and wages is also shown. In the third study, the relationship between labour mobility and labour productivity is analysed. This relationship may be positive to a certain extent until labour mobility becomes a burden for firms and employees. In theory, during recessions firms have more opportunities to use labour mobility in order to increase the labour productivity of the firm. This thesis also confirms that the relationship between churning and labour productivity has an inverse U shape in a crisis (and optimal churning rate could be calculated). More productive firms may be more successful in profiting from labour mobility because during a recession, resources may move to more productive firms. Study 3 shows that the relationship between labour churning and labour productivity growth is stronger in foreign-owned firms than domestic firms, but only during recessions and only in the services sector.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
labour mobility, job mobility, productivity