Exploring the role of personality traits and age in the experience and recognition of emotions
Date
2017-09-20
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Abstract
Emotsioonid loovad igapäevaselt inimeste elule värvingu, iga inimese emotsionaalne maailm on ühest küljest unikaalne, kuid samas on oluline mõista üldisi seaduspärasusi emotsioonide kogemise, väljendamise ja äratundmise mustrites. Käesoleva väitekirja peamiseks uurimisküsimuseks on: „Kuidas mõjutavad inimese isiksuseomadused ja vanus emotsioonide kogemist, väljendamist ja teiste inimeste emotsioonide äratundmist?“. Uurimustöö raames viidi läbi kaks eksperimenti, esimeses uuriti individuaalseid erinevusi emotsioonide äratundmises (Uurimus I ja II). Teises eksperimendis olid vaatluse all individuaalsed erinevused emotsioonide kogemises ja väljendamises, kasutades kogemuse väljavõtte meetodit (Uurimus III, IV, V).
Väitekirja põhijäreldused on järgmised:
– Inimestel on üsnagi selge ja üldistunud arusaam sellest, kui hästi suudetakse teise inimese seisundeid ja omadusi hinnata. Kuid see enesekohane hinnang oma inimesetundmise võimele ei ole seotud tegeliku sooritusega emotsioonide või isiksuseomaduste hindamisel, peegeldades pigem inimese isiksuseomadusi. Samas kui tegelik sooritus on seotud pigem vaimse võimekusega. (Uurimus I)
– Vaatamata suuremale elukogemusele, tunnevad vanemad inimesed teatud negatiivseid emotsioone (eriti viha ja kurbust) halvemini ära, ning selline muutus on täheldatav juba 30-ndates eluaastates. Samas kui näiteks põlguse väljenduse äratundmine isegi tõuseb 60ndate eluaastateni. (Uurimus II)
– Inimeste emotsionaalne maailm seisneb paljuski kogetud emotsionaalsete hetkede taasloomises. Uurimus III näitas, et kurbuse, hirmu, rõõmu ja viha kogemise mäletamine sõltub olenevalt möödaläinud ajast nii inimese hetke väsimusest kui ka isiksuseomadustest.
– Väsimus on sageli kogetav vaimne seisund, mida mõjutavad nii kogetud emotsioonid kui ka nende varieeruvus. (Uurimus IV)
– Sageli kogevad inimesed reaktsioonina mingile situatsioonile mitut emotsiooni korraga. Viha kogemisel surutakse viha alla või näidatakse seda välja ning see sõltub nii kaasuvatest emotsioonidest kui ka isiksuseomadustest. Näiteks kui lisaks vihale on inimene ka pettunud või hirmunud, näidatakse viha vähem välja. (Uurimus V)
Emotions colour the life of every people every day. The emotional life is unique for each individual, but at the same time, there are general patterns of experience, expression and recognition of emotions. The current research is aimed to understand emotion processes and individual differences in them. The main research question can be formulated as: “To what extent are the experience, expression and recognition of emotions affected by personality traits and age of participants?” The thesis consists of two experiments, in the first one (studies I and II) the individual differences in emotion recognition were analyzed. In the second experiment (studies II, IV, and V), the individual differences in the experience and expression of emotions was explored. The main conclusions of the dissertation are the following: – People have generalized view about their emphatic accuracy across different domains (i.e. personality, identity etc.). This self-rated empathic accuracy, however, is not related to actual mind-reading skills, but rather reflects one´s personality traits. Actual mind-reading skills measured as an objective performance on emotion recognition and personality assessment rather reflect one’s cognitive abilities. (Study I) – Despite of growing life experience, the emotion perception of some specific emotions seems to decline during aging. First signs of age-differences in emotion recognition accuracy emerge already at the age of thirties, being most distinctive for negative emotions of anger and sadness. The recognition of facial contempt, however, increases until 60 years of age. (Study II) – Memories about experienced emotions of sadness, fear, happiness, and anger are systematically influenced both at state- and trait-level factors depending on the time passed. (Study III) – Tiredness as one of the most frequently reported mental states is influenced by both mean levels of experienced emotions as well as by emotional variability. (Study IV) – Anger behavior is influenced by co-occurring emotions that are simultaneously elicited in situations. There are specific interactive effects between the experience of momentary emotions and personality traits that lead to higher levels of either suppression or expression of anger behavior (or both). (Study V)
Emotions colour the life of every people every day. The emotional life is unique for each individual, but at the same time, there are general patterns of experience, expression and recognition of emotions. The current research is aimed to understand emotion processes and individual differences in them. The main research question can be formulated as: “To what extent are the experience, expression and recognition of emotions affected by personality traits and age of participants?” The thesis consists of two experiments, in the first one (studies I and II) the individual differences in emotion recognition were analyzed. In the second experiment (studies II, IV, and V), the individual differences in the experience and expression of emotions was explored. The main conclusions of the dissertation are the following: – People have generalized view about their emphatic accuracy across different domains (i.e. personality, identity etc.). This self-rated empathic accuracy, however, is not related to actual mind-reading skills, but rather reflects one´s personality traits. Actual mind-reading skills measured as an objective performance on emotion recognition and personality assessment rather reflect one’s cognitive abilities. (Study I) – Despite of growing life experience, the emotion perception of some specific emotions seems to decline during aging. First signs of age-differences in emotion recognition accuracy emerge already at the age of thirties, being most distinctive for negative emotions of anger and sadness. The recognition of facial contempt, however, increases until 60 years of age. (Study II) – Memories about experienced emotions of sadness, fear, happiness, and anger are systematically influenced both at state- and trait-level factors depending on the time passed. (Study III) – Tiredness as one of the most frequently reported mental states is influenced by both mean levels of experienced emotions as well as by emotional variability. (Study IV) – Anger behavior is influenced by co-occurring emotions that are simultaneously elicited in situations. There are specific interactive effects between the experience of momentary emotions and personality traits that lead to higher levels of either suppression or expression of anger behavior (or both). (Study V)
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
emotsioonid, äratundmine (psühh.), arusaamine, tunnetus, eneseväljendus, individuaalsed erinevused, isiksuseomadused, vanus, emotions, recognition (psychology), comprehension, cognition, self-expression, individual differences, personality traits, age