Toward Understanding the Guru-Disciple Relation in Contemporary Chinese Vajrayana Buddhism

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the historical, cultural, and political dimensions of Vajrayana Buddhism's development in Mainland China, emphasizing the influences that shape its practice today. The study illuminates the profound interplay between religious tradition and socio-political dynamics by examining historical dissemination periods, sect formation, and guru-disciple relationships inside the Vajrayana tradition. As Vajrayana Buddhism developed from its early roots in monarchical China through the Qing Dynasty, it demonstrated a pattern of religious adaptation and political incorporation. With its strategic use of Tibetan Buddhism as a tool for political integration by the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and its continued patronage by subsequent dynasties, Vajrayana Buddhism played a significant role in shaping Sino-Tibetan relations. We must take a historical perspective to understand the layered relationship between China and Tibet and how Vajrayana Buddhism has been manipulated and revered in various political contexts.