Eesti kohapärimus ja pühad paigad: arhiivimuistenditest maastikukogemuseni
Laen...
Kuupäev
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Väitekiri keskendub sissejuhatavalt eesti kohapärimuse eri aspektidele, puudutades selle uurimislugu, seonduvaid mõisteid, folkloorimotiive ja tähenduslikke paiku. Edasine fookus on erinevatel, eeskätt looduslikel pühapaikadel, nende määratlemisel ja väärtustamisel nii uurimisobjektina kui muinsuskaitsepraktikas. Sünteesivalt on kombineeritud erinevaid vaatenurki ja allikmaterjale: arhiiviandmetest ja kaartidest väliuuringuteni.
Tööst järeldub, et arusaam looduslikest pühapaikadest võiks olla senisest avaram. Pärimuse tõlgendamisel tuleks arvestada eri ajastutele ja uskumussüsteemidele viitavad tasandeid, sh vanemat, mütoloogilist ja animatistlikku pärimuskihti, samuti põimumisi kristlusega. Põhjendatakse, miks mitut tüüpi kohamuistendid (nt kalevi jälgedega kividest, rändavatest järvedest, puudeks muutunud inimestest, kuningate istutatud puudest) võivad osutada kunagistele pühapaikadele, isegi kui otsesõnalised rituaaliteated puuduvad. Samuti peituvad vihjed paiga kunagisele sakraalsele tähendusele toponüümides.
Pühapaiga ja püha mõiste tavapärasest ulatuslikuma käsitluse aluseks on laiemad teoreetilised lähtekohad. Eesti allikmaterjali näitel on esile toodud sellised püha mõistega seonduvad märksõnad nagu liminaalsus, anomaalsus, eraldatus, ohustatus ning ühiskonda reguleeriva püha korra mõiste koos sellega kaasnevate reeglite ja keeldudega. Pühapaikade puhul väärib tähelepanu ka nende asukohaloogika, milles ilmnevad korduvad mustrid (nt vesikondade piirid, veekogude kaldad, asustusüksuste piirid, maastiku reljeefi üleminekualad, süvised jm). Eraldi on vaadeldud hiietoponüümika seoseid vee ja veekogudega.
Pühapaiku vaadeldakse ökoloogilis-sakraalse võrgustiku sõlmpunktidena, sidusa ja tasakaalustatud süsteemina, millel on tähtsus ka tänapäeval. Töö pakub täiendavaid lähtekohti niisuguste paikade ja nende piiride määratlemiseks. Uurimus sisaldab ka tähelepanekuid pärimuse levikuteede, kestlikkuse ja muutuste osas. Lisaks on nähtavaks tehtud kohapärimuse regionaalsed eripärad, mis võivad anda olulist teavet mineviku elukeskkonna, tavade ja kohaliku identiteedi kujunemise kohta.
The dissertation begins with a discussion of various aspects of Estonian place-lore, touching upon its research history, related concepts, folklore motifs, and meaningful locations. The focus then shifts to sacred sites, mainly sacred natural sites, their definition, and their valuation both as research objects and within heritage protection practice. A integrative approach combines various perspectives and source materials, ranging from archival data and maps to fieldwork. The study concludes that the understanding of natural sacred sites should be broader than it currently is. Interpreting lore requires taking into account layers that point to different eras and belief systems – including older, mythological, and animatistic tradition layers, as well as overlaps with Christianity. The thesis provides rationale for why several types of place legends (e.g., regarding wandering lakes, people turned into trees, trees planted by kings) can point to former sacred sites, even when explicit records of rituals are absent. Hints of a location's former sacred significance are also embedded in toponymy. This broader-than-usual treatment of sacred sites and the concept of the sacred is grounded in wider theoretical frameworks. Using Estonian source material as an example, key concepts associated with the sacred are highlighted, such as liminality, anomaly, isolation, vulnerability, and the concept of a sacred order regulating society, along with its accompanying rules and prohibitions. Regarding sacred sites, their spatial distribution logic also merits attention, revealing recurring patterns (e.g., river basin borders, shores of waterbodies, settlement boundaries, landscape relief transition zones, depressions, etc.). A specific analysis is dedicated to the connections between hiis (sacred grove/area) toponymy and water systems. Sacred sites are viewed as key nodes within an ecological-sacred network – a coherent and balanced system that retains significance today. The study offers additional framework points for defining such sites and their boundaries. Furthermore, the research includes observations on the pathways of dissemination, continuity, and transformations of lore. Finally, it highlights regional variations in place-lore, which can yield vital insight into past living environments, customs, and the formation of local identity.
The dissertation begins with a discussion of various aspects of Estonian place-lore, touching upon its research history, related concepts, folklore motifs, and meaningful locations. The focus then shifts to sacred sites, mainly sacred natural sites, their definition, and their valuation both as research objects and within heritage protection practice. A integrative approach combines various perspectives and source materials, ranging from archival data and maps to fieldwork. The study concludes that the understanding of natural sacred sites should be broader than it currently is. Interpreting lore requires taking into account layers that point to different eras and belief systems – including older, mythological, and animatistic tradition layers, as well as overlaps with Christianity. The thesis provides rationale for why several types of place legends (e.g., regarding wandering lakes, people turned into trees, trees planted by kings) can point to former sacred sites, even when explicit records of rituals are absent. Hints of a location's former sacred significance are also embedded in toponymy. This broader-than-usual treatment of sacred sites and the concept of the sacred is grounded in wider theoretical frameworks. Using Estonian source material as an example, key concepts associated with the sacred are highlighted, such as liminality, anomaly, isolation, vulnerability, and the concept of a sacred order regulating society, along with its accompanying rules and prohibitions. Regarding sacred sites, their spatial distribution logic also merits attention, revealing recurring patterns (e.g., river basin borders, shores of waterbodies, settlement boundaries, landscape relief transition zones, depressions, etc.). A specific analysis is dedicated to the connections between hiis (sacred grove/area) toponymy and water systems. Sacred sites are viewed as key nodes within an ecological-sacred network – a coherent and balanced system that retains significance today. The study offers additional framework points for defining such sites and their boundaries. Furthermore, the research includes observations on the pathways of dissemination, continuity, and transformations of lore. Finally, it highlights regional variations in place-lore, which can yield vital insight into past living environments, customs, and the formation of local identity.
Kirjeldus
Doktoritöö elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
doktoritööd