Ethical issues in nursing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-method study
Kuupäev
2025-01-30
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Õed kogevad kutsetöös sageli eetilisi probleeme, mis koormavad neid emotsionaalselt ja vaimselt ning ohustavad ka tervishoiuteenuste kvaliteeti ja ohutust. Patsientidel on õigus ohutule, kvaliteetsele ja eetilisele abile ning õendus kui autonoomne väärtuspõhine praktika lähtub põhiväärtusena eelkõige patsientide individuaalsetest vajadustest ja eelistustest. Töötades lähedases ja pikaajalises kontaktis patsientidega, aga tehes ka koostööd erinevate osapooltega kiiresti arenevas ja tõhususele orienteeritud keskkonnas, ei saa õed alati järgida õenduse põhiväärtuseid ja kogevad seetõttu eetilisi probleeme. Nende põhjused, aga ka neile omistatud tähendus ning käsitlemine on mõjutatud erinevatest kontekstuaalsetest, demograafilistest ja sotsiaalkultuurilistest aspektidest. Viimase osas erineb Eesti oma okupatsiooniajaloo tõttu mitmeti paljudest Euroopa riikidest, kelle hulka praegu kuulume. Tervishoiu konteksti mõjutab oluliselt ka hiljutine COVID-19 pandeemia, mis tõi kaasa uusi eetilisi küsimusi ning võimendas varasemaid. Doktoritöö kirjeldab eetilisi probleeme õenduses enne COVID-19 pandeemiat ja selle ajal erinevas kontekstis töötanud õdede vaatenurgast. Doktoritöö tulemused näitavad, et Eestis on õdede eetilised probleemid tingitud patsiendi õiguste ohustamisest, õdede professionaalse rolli ja autonoomia ebamäärasusest, aga ka mittetoetavatest töösuhetest ja -keskkonnast. Soodustavateks teguriteks on reguleerimata ja ülemäärane töökoormus, sotsiaalkultuurilised, sh ajaloolised mõjud ning õdede ebapiisav valmisolek kriisideks. Eetilisi probleeme tuleks käsitleda tervishoiuteenuste kvaliteeti ja turvalisust ning õdede töökeskkonda ohustava tegurina. Nende analüüsimine võimaldab märgata ja mõjutada kitsaskohti kliinilises praktikas, meeskonnatöös ja juhtimises. Selleks on vaja poliitikakujundajate, tervishoiuorganisatsioonide, õdede kutseorganisatsioonide ning õdede ühiseid jõupingutusi, et kindlamini määratleda õdede professionaalne roll ja autonoomia, reguleerida töökoormus ning luua koostööl põhinev organisatsioonikultuur. Tähelepanu vajab ka kriisideks valmistumine, eriti eetilises plaanis. Haridusasutuste panus on oluline, et õdedel oleks tööturule sisedes kindel väärtuspõhine vundament ja eetiline kompetentsus, millele toetuda ning mida erinevates olukordades paindlikult rakendada.
Ethical issues are a significant concern in nursing, which burden nurses emotionally and mentally, endanger the quality and safety of care. Patients have the right to safe, high-quality, and ethical care, and nursing, as an autonomous value-based practice, primarily focuses on the needs and preferences of patients. Working in close and long-term contact with patients and collaborating with various stakeholders in a rapidly evolving, efficiency-oriented environment, nurses cannot always follow the values of nursing, leading to ethical issues. Ethical issues and their causes, as well as the meaning and managing these issues are influenced by various contextual, demographical and socio-cultural aspects. Estonia, due to its history of Soviet occupation, differs in many ways from other European countries, including those we are part of today. The healthcare context was also significantly influenced by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which created new ethical issues and amplified existing ones. Understanding ethical issues and their contextual aspects is crucial for identifying deficiencies and shortcomings in clinical practice to improve the quality and safety of healthcare services in both regular and crisis conditions, as well as the environment in which nurses work. This study describes ethical issues in nursing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic for nurses working in different contexts. The results show that in Estonia, ethical issues in nursing are caused by violations of patient rights, the ambiguity of nurses' professional roles and autonomy, as well as non-supportive professional relationships. Ethical issues are also fostered by unregulated and excessive workloads, socio-cultural influences, and nurses' preparedness for crises. Ethical issues in nursing should be addressed as a phenomenon that affects quality and patient safety. There is a need for joint efforts of nurses, healthcare organisations, nursing associations and policymakers to clarify nurses' professional roles and autonomy, regulate workloads and create a collaborative organisational culture. Preparing for crises, especially from an ethical perspective, also requires attention. The contribution of educational institutions is important so that nurses have a solid, value-based foundation to rely on and flexibly apply in various situations.
Ethical issues are a significant concern in nursing, which burden nurses emotionally and mentally, endanger the quality and safety of care. Patients have the right to safe, high-quality, and ethical care, and nursing, as an autonomous value-based practice, primarily focuses on the needs and preferences of patients. Working in close and long-term contact with patients and collaborating with various stakeholders in a rapidly evolving, efficiency-oriented environment, nurses cannot always follow the values of nursing, leading to ethical issues. Ethical issues and their causes, as well as the meaning and managing these issues are influenced by various contextual, demographical and socio-cultural aspects. Estonia, due to its history of Soviet occupation, differs in many ways from other European countries, including those we are part of today. The healthcare context was also significantly influenced by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which created new ethical issues and amplified existing ones. Understanding ethical issues and their contextual aspects is crucial for identifying deficiencies and shortcomings in clinical practice to improve the quality and safety of healthcare services in both regular and crisis conditions, as well as the environment in which nurses work. This study describes ethical issues in nursing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic for nurses working in different contexts. The results show that in Estonia, ethical issues in nursing are caused by violations of patient rights, the ambiguity of nurses' professional roles and autonomy, as well as non-supportive professional relationships. Ethical issues are also fostered by unregulated and excessive workloads, socio-cultural influences, and nurses' preparedness for crises. Ethical issues in nursing should be addressed as a phenomenon that affects quality and patient safety. There is a need for joint efforts of nurses, healthcare organisations, nursing associations and policymakers to clarify nurses' professional roles and autonomy, regulate workloads and create a collaborative organisational culture. Preparing for crises, especially from an ethical perspective, also requires attention. The contribution of educational institutions is important so that nurses have a solid, value-based foundation to rely on and flexibly apply in various situations.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
doktoritööd