Vascular calcification and its associations with obesity and bone mineral density in chronic kidney disease
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Abstrakt
Krooniline neeruhaigus (KNH) on progresseeruv haigus, mille peamiseks surmapõhjuseks on südame-veresoonkonna (SV) tüsistused. Rasvumine on ateroskleroosi ja sellele järgnevate SV tüsistuste traditsiooniline riskitegur nii üldpopulatsioonis kui ka KNHga patsientidel. Samas on aga avastatud nn. “adipoossuse paradoks” KNHga dialüüsravil olevatel haigetel, kellel ülekaal omab kaitsvat efekti ja on seotud parema elulemusega.
KNHga kaasneva luu- ja mineraalainete ainevahetushäire (LMH) tagajärjel tekib luukoe massi vähenemine. See toob kaasa kõrgenenud riski luumurdudeks, veresoonte seinte kaltsifitseerumiseks, jäigastumiseks ning veresoonkonna enneaegseks vananemiseks. Ekstraskeletaalsete kaltsifikaatide ja luukoe muutuste patofüsioloogia on omavahel tihedalt seotud, kuid luu-veresoonkonna telge ei ole piisavalt uuritud. Samuti seosed adipoossuse ja ekstraskeletaalse kaltsifitseerumise vahel KNH patsientidel kirjeldanud vaid mõned autorid ja tulemused olnud vasturääkivad.
Uurimistöö üldiseks eesmärgiks oli selgitada välja seoseid VK ja kehakoostise vahel KNH patsientidel.
Uuringu põhikohort koosnes 168 järjestikusest KNH erinevate raskuskategooriate patsiendist. Töö käigus võrreldi VK adipoossetel ja mitteadipoossetel KNH patsientidel, uuriti seoseid VK ja LMH vahel, hinnati aordi kaltsifitseerumise ja perifeerse arteriaalse haiguse prognostilist rolli suremuse ja KV sündmuste puhul ning VK prognostilist väärtust adipoossetel ja mitteadipoossetel KNH patsientidel. Ekstraskeletaalse kaltsifitseerumise hindamiseks kasutati nimmepiirkonna külgprojektsiooniga röntgenülesvõtteid, ankle-brachial indeksit (ABI) ja ehhokardiograafiat. Luukoe tiheduse uurimiseks kasutati DEXA uuringut.
VK on kõige enam väljendunud adipoossetel, halvema neerufunktsiooniga haigetel. Adipoossus ei oma kaitsvat efekti VK-le KNH patsientidel. Käesoleva uurimistöö tulemused ei toeta “adipoossuse paradoksi” ei kogu rühmas ega erinevate KNH raskuskategooriaga alarühmades. VK ja luukoe mineraalse tiheduse vahel on pöördvõrdeline suhe. Väljendunud kõhuaordi kaltsifitseerumine on oluline suremuse ja SV tüsistuste prognostiline marker KNH patsientidel. Adipoossus ei oma kaitsvat efekti pikaajalisele prognoosile KNH patsientidel.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive disease and the major cause of mortality in CKD patients are cardiovascular (CV) complications. Obesity is one of the traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent CV events in the general population, and in CKD patients. However, an “obesity paradox” has been observed in dialysis patients, whereby overweight is associated with improved outcome. One of the alterations in body composition in CKD is kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), a systemic disorder of mineral metabolism due to the kidneys’ failure. CKD-MBD is associated with loss of bone tissue mass, increased risk of fractures, increased vascular calcification (VC), vascular stiffening and vascular senescence. Besides that, associations between obesity and formation of extraosseous calcification in CKD were previously described only by few authors and results were controversial. The general aim of this study was to clarify the associations between body composition and VC in CKD patients. The main cohort consisted of 168 consecutive patients with CKD of different stages. The study compared VK in obese and non-obese CKD patients, investigated the relationship between VK and bone mineral density (BMD), evaluated the prognostic role of aortic calcification and peripheral arterial disease on mortality and CV events, and assessed the prognostic value of VK in obese and non-obese CKD patients. Lumbar lateral radiographs, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and echocardiography were used to assess extraskeletal calcification. DEXA scan was used to examine bone density. VC is most pronounced in obese patients with reduced kidney function. Obesity has no protective effect in CKD patients. The results of this study didn`t support “obesity paradox” nor in whole group of patients neither in subgroups with different stages of CKD. There is an inverse relationship between VC and BMD. Pronounced abdominal aortic calcification is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality and CV events in CKD patients. Obesity has no protective effect on long-term outcomes in CKD patients.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive disease and the major cause of mortality in CKD patients are cardiovascular (CV) complications. Obesity is one of the traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent CV events in the general population, and in CKD patients. However, an “obesity paradox” has been observed in dialysis patients, whereby overweight is associated with improved outcome. One of the alterations in body composition in CKD is kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), a systemic disorder of mineral metabolism due to the kidneys’ failure. CKD-MBD is associated with loss of bone tissue mass, increased risk of fractures, increased vascular calcification (VC), vascular stiffening and vascular senescence. Besides that, associations between obesity and formation of extraosseous calcification in CKD were previously described only by few authors and results were controversial. The general aim of this study was to clarify the associations between body composition and VC in CKD patients. The main cohort consisted of 168 consecutive patients with CKD of different stages. The study compared VK in obese and non-obese CKD patients, investigated the relationship between VK and bone mineral density (BMD), evaluated the prognostic role of aortic calcification and peripheral arterial disease on mortality and CV events, and assessed the prognostic value of VK in obese and non-obese CKD patients. Lumbar lateral radiographs, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and echocardiography were used to assess extraskeletal calcification. DEXA scan was used to examine bone density. VC is most pronounced in obese patients with reduced kidney function. Obesity has no protective effect in CKD patients. The results of this study didn`t support “obesity paradox” nor in whole group of patients neither in subgroups with different stages of CKD. There is an inverse relationship between VC and BMD. Pronounced abdominal aortic calcification is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality and CV events in CKD patients. Obesity has no protective effect on long-term outcomes in CKD patients.
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