Study of ionization efficiencies for derivatized compounds in LC/ESI/MS and their application for targeted analysis
Date
2020-07-14
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Abstract
Aminohapped on looduslikus materjalis esinevad ained, mis annavad maitse-, lõhna- ja muud omadused. Aminohappeline koostis viinamarjades või humalas kandub edasi ka nendest toodetavatesse veinidesse ja õlledesse ning nende sisalduse määramine võimaldab kindlaks teha näiteks joogi päritolu või eristada võltsitud jooke originaalidest. Kuna jookides esineb enamasti mitmeid erinevaid aminohappeid, siis kasutatakse nende määramiseks meetodit, kus esmalt eraldatakse kromatograafia abil aminohapped segust (nt veinist), misjärel antakse neile (ionisatsiooniallikas) laeng ning sellest tekkinud laenguga osakeste hulk registreeritakse massidetektoris. Seejärel saabki juba määrata, millised aminohapped ja millisel hulgal proovis esinevad.
Aminohapete analüüsi probleemiks on aga see, et need on väga väikesed molekulid ning samuti esineb neid proovides vähe. Selleks, et need oleks paremini massidetektoris detekteeritavad, kasutatakse keemilist reaktsiooni (derivatiseerimist), et tõsta selektiivsust ja alandada määramispiiri. Veelgi väiksemate hulkade määramiseks on vajalik uurida fragmenteeritud aminohapete derivaate, mis tähendab seda, et enne analüüsi peab olema teada, milliseid aminohappeid proovist otsitakse. Muuhulgas on täpse analüüsi läbiviimiseks vaja proovis sisalduvaid aminohappeid kõrvutada puhaste aminohapetega ehk standardainetega, sest see, kui palju tekib erinevate aminohapete korral laetud osakesi ionisatsiooniallikas, võib erineda tuhandeid kordi.
Käesoleva doktoritöö peamine eesmärk oli uurida, kas ja kuidas oleks derivatiseeritud aminohapete määramiseks võimalik kasutada nende standardseid signaaliintensiivsusi ionisatsiooniallikas, et eemaldada standardainete kasutamise vajadus.
Doktoritöö raames töötati välja meetod, mis võimaldas veinides ja õlledes standardainetevaba aminohapete määramist ka fragmenteeritud aminohapete derivaatide korral, mis võimaldab selektiivsemat ja madalamate määramispiiridega meetodeid. Töö tulemus avab paljusid võimalusi erinevate rakenduste jaoks, mida on võimalik laiendada ka teistele derivatiseerivatele reagentidele ja analüütidele.
Amino acids are substances existing in different natural materials determining their taste, smell and other qualities. Composition of amino acids in grapes, hops and malt also transfers into drinks like wines and beers which are produced from them and determination of these substances enables us to certify the origin of drinks or distinguish counterfeited drinks from originals. Since many different amino acids are simultaneously found in drinks, techniques which allow separating them from mixture (chromatography), giving them a charge (in ionization source) and finally detecting the number of charged particles in mass detector are used. Thereafter, one can already evaluate which amino acids and in what concentration exist in sample. The problem of analyzing amino acids is that they are very small molecules and exist in samples in very low concentration. In order to better detect them in mass detector, chemical reaction (derivatization) is used to enhance selectivity and lower detection limit. To lower detectability even more, it is necessary to study fragmented derivatized amino acids, which means that preselection of compounds to be detected from the sample is needed. It is also inevitable to compare amino acids in the samples with pure amino acids (i.e. standard substances) for precise quantitative analysis, since the yield of generation of charged particles of different amino acids in ionization source can vary over thousands of times. The main goal of this doctoral thesis was to study if and how it possible to use standard signal intensities for derivatized amino acids to eliminate the need of using standard substances. During the study, a method was developed, which allowed to measure fragmented derivatized amino acid concentration in beer and wine without standard substances, allowing to achieve lower quantitation limits and higher selectivity. The result of this study opens up many possibilities for different applications, which could be broaden to other derivative reagents and other analytes.
Amino acids are substances existing in different natural materials determining their taste, smell and other qualities. Composition of amino acids in grapes, hops and malt also transfers into drinks like wines and beers which are produced from them and determination of these substances enables us to certify the origin of drinks or distinguish counterfeited drinks from originals. Since many different amino acids are simultaneously found in drinks, techniques which allow separating them from mixture (chromatography), giving them a charge (in ionization source) and finally detecting the number of charged particles in mass detector are used. Thereafter, one can already evaluate which amino acids and in what concentration exist in sample. The problem of analyzing amino acids is that they are very small molecules and exist in samples in very low concentration. In order to better detect them in mass detector, chemical reaction (derivatization) is used to enhance selectivity and lower detection limit. To lower detectability even more, it is necessary to study fragmented derivatized amino acids, which means that preselection of compounds to be detected from the sample is needed. It is also inevitable to compare amino acids in the samples with pure amino acids (i.e. standard substances) for precise quantitative analysis, since the yield of generation of charged particles of different amino acids in ionization source can vary over thousands of times. The main goal of this doctoral thesis was to study if and how it possible to use standard signal intensities for derivatized amino acids to eliminate the need of using standard substances. During the study, a method was developed, which allowed to measure fragmented derivatized amino acid concentration in beer and wine without standard substances, allowing to achieve lower quantitation limits and higher selectivity. The result of this study opens up many possibilities for different applications, which could be broaden to other derivative reagents and other analytes.
Description
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Keywords
liquid cromatography, mass spectrometry, analytical methods