Eesti NSV Ministrite Nõukogu institutsionaalne areng ja kaadrid 1940–1953
Kuupäev
2014-08-25
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Abstrakt
NSV Liidu valitsemissüsteemis kuulus võimumonopol ainuparteile – kommunistlikule parteile, ent selle võimuinstrumentideks olid kommunistliku partei organid ja riigiorganid, mis moodustasid üksteisega tihedalt läbipõimunud binaarse võimu- ja juhtimisstruktuuri. Käesolev uurimus käsitleb Eesti NSV näitel liiduvabariigi valitsuse – Ministrite Nõukogu – organisatsiooni kujundamist, juhtimise korraldamist ja kaadripoliitika põhimõtteid, selle teostamise mehhanisme ja toimimisviise ning valitsusliikmeid. Põhiseaduse järgi oli Ministrite Nõukogu liiduvabariigi kõrgeimaks täidesaatvaks ja korraldavaks riigivõimuorganiks, kuid tegelikult funktsioneeris valitsus kohaliku haldusvõimuna ning viis ellu NSV Liidu keskvõimu poliitikat ja otsuseid. ENSV Ministrite Nõukogu valitsemisorganite võrgustik loodi NSV Liidu Ministrite Nõukogu eeskujul ja vajadustest lähtuvalt. Kesktasandil langetatud otsused olid ENSV Ministrite Nõukogu juhtimise ja töökorralduse aluseks ning nomenklatuuri süsteem tagas, et valitsusliikmeid ei saanud ametisse paigutada kõrgeima parteiorgani NLKP KK nõusolekuta. Aastad 1940–1953 olid ENSV Ministrite Nõukogu institutsiooni arengus tähendusrikkad. Nendel aastatel loodi liiduvabariigi täitevvõimu funktsioneerimise mudel, mis jäi põhiosas muutumatuks Eesti NSV lõpuni. 1940. aastate alguses hakkas Ministrite Nõukogu nimel otsuseid langetama valitsuse juhtkond, millest formeeriti Ministrite Nõukogu Büroo. Aastakümne keskel kinnistusid valitsusliikmete ametisse kinnitamise ja vabastamise nomenklatuursed mehhanismid. Ministeeriumide ning muude valitsemisorganite hulgas tehti sageli ümberkorraldusi ning valitsusliikmed vahetusid tihti. Ministrite Nõukogu oli rahvusliku koosseisu poolest suhteliselt homogeenne. Tunduvalt suuremad erinevused valitsesid valitsusliikmete vahel parteistaaži, haridustaseme ning erialase ettevalmistuse osas.
The monopoly of power in the Soviet Union’s system of government belonged to the one and only party – the Communist Party. Yet the USSR’s instruments of power were both organs of the Communist Party and state organs that formed a binary power and directorial structure that was closely intertwined with each other. This thesis considers the Council of Ministers – the government of the Soviet republic based on the example of the government of the Estonian SSR (ESSR). The task is to ascertain the principles for forming the organisation of government, organising its management and its cadre policy, and to analyse the mechanisms for their implementation and the ways they functioned, as well as the members of Government. According to the Soviet Constitution, the Council of Ministers was the highest executive and organisational organ of state power in the Union republic but actually it carried out local administrative functions, which meant executing the policies and orders of the central power of the Soviet Union. The network of ESSR governmental organs was formed according to the example and needs of the government of the Soviet Union. The nomenklatura system ensured that members of the government could not be appointed to office without the consent of the CPSU CC. The period between 1940 and 1953 was significant in the institutional development of the Council of Ministers of the ESSR. The model was designed for how the executive power of the Union republic functioned, and this remained substantially unchanged until the end of the ESSR period. In the early 1940’s, decision making shifted almost completely into the hands of the leadership of the Council of Ministers, which formed the Council of Ministers Bureau. By the middle of the decade, the nomenklatura mechanisms related to the appointment and dismissal of members of the Council of Ministers became established. Ministries and governmental organs were frequently reorganised and their leaders changed often. The composition of the Council of Ministers was quite homogeneous in terms of nationality. Yet the differences in length of party membership as well as educational background and professional qualification among members of Government were considerably more sizable.
The monopoly of power in the Soviet Union’s system of government belonged to the one and only party – the Communist Party. Yet the USSR’s instruments of power were both organs of the Communist Party and state organs that formed a binary power and directorial structure that was closely intertwined with each other. This thesis considers the Council of Ministers – the government of the Soviet republic based on the example of the government of the Estonian SSR (ESSR). The task is to ascertain the principles for forming the organisation of government, organising its management and its cadre policy, and to analyse the mechanisms for their implementation and the ways they functioned, as well as the members of Government. According to the Soviet Constitution, the Council of Ministers was the highest executive and organisational organ of state power in the Union republic but actually it carried out local administrative functions, which meant executing the policies and orders of the central power of the Soviet Union. The network of ESSR governmental organs was formed according to the example and needs of the government of the Soviet Union. The nomenklatura system ensured that members of the government could not be appointed to office without the consent of the CPSU CC. The period between 1940 and 1953 was significant in the institutional development of the Council of Ministers of the ESSR. The model was designed for how the executive power of the Union republic functioned, and this remained substantially unchanged until the end of the ESSR period. In the early 1940’s, decision making shifted almost completely into the hands of the leadership of the Council of Ministers, which formed the Council of Ministers Bureau. By the middle of the decade, the nomenklatura mechanisms related to the appointment and dismissal of members of the Council of Ministers became established. Ministries and governmental organs were frequently reorganised and their leaders changed often. The composition of the Council of Ministers was quite homogeneous in terms of nationality. Yet the differences in length of party membership as well as educational background and professional qualification among members of Government were considerably more sizable.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
Eesti NSV Ministrite Nõukogu, Eesti, valitsused, nõukogude aeg, Estonia, councils of ministers, Soviet period