Mycorrhizal trait distribution and composition in plant communities under natural gradients
Kuupäev
2024-10-09
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Mükoriisa e seenjuur on sümbiootiline suhe taimejuurte ja seente vahel. Mükoriisa parandab toitainete kättesaadavust ning kaitseb patogeenide eest, aitab taluda herbivoore ja suurendab taimede taluvust erinevate keskkonnas toimivate stressitegurite suhtes.
Taimede mükoriissed tunnused iseloomustavad seenjuure struktuuri ja talitlust. Doktoritöös käsitlesime kahte peamist mükoriisset tunnust – mükoriisa tüüpi ja mükoriisset staatust. Tüüpidest leidis käsitlemist arbuskulaarne mükoriisa (AM), ektomükoriisa (ECM) ja erikoidne mükoriisa (ERM). Mükoriisse staatuse osas käsitlesime kolme kategooriat –obligaatselt või fakultatiivselt mükoriissed taimed, mittemükoriissed taimed.
Doktoritöös kirjeldasime taimede mükoriissete tunnuste mustrit Pürenee mäestiku ja Andide páramo taimekooslustes. Kui páramos püsis AM-i domineerimine kogu kõrgusgradiendi ulatuses, siis Püreneedes ilmnes AM-i osakaalu kerge langus koos absoluutkõrguse tõusuga, samas kui ECM taimed olid kõige ohtramad keskmistel kõrgustel. Andides oli ERM taimede osakaal suurim madalamatel kõrgustel. NM taimed olid mõlemas piirkonnas sagedasemad suurematel kõrgustel. Mõlemas mäestikus suurenes FM taimede osakaal kõrguse kasvades, OM taimede osakaal näitas vastupidist trendi.
Uurisime ka seost mükoriissete tunnuste, ökosüsteemi produktiivsuse ja taimede elurikkuse vahel Eesti rohumaadel ning leidsime positiivse seose produktiivsuse ja AM taimede osakaalu vahel koosluses. Mõlemad parameetrid olid negatiivselt korreleeritud taimede mitmekesisusega.
Meie uuring näitas, et mükoriissete tunnuste mustrid varieeruvad geograafiliselt ja ökoloogiliselt ning mükoriisne sümbioos mõjutab taimekoosluse koosseisu ja mitmekesisust mööda absoluutkõrguse ja mullaviljakuse gradiente. Teadmised taimede mükoriissete tunnuste jaotusest taimekooslustes on aga veel liiga vähesed, et teha suuremaid üldistusi.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominantly mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi. The benefits of mycorrhiza to host plants include improved nutrition, protection against pathogens, herbivory resistance, and tolerance to abiotic stress factors. Plant mycorrhizal traits characterize the structure and function of plant-fungus association. We addressed the following mycorrhizal traits: plant mycorrhizal type, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (ECM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) plant species, and plant mycorrhizal status including obligately mycorrhizal (OM), facultatively mycorrhizal (FM), and non-mycorrhizal (NM) plant species. We characterized the mycorrhizal trait distribution in plant communities in the Pyrenean Mountain range and the Andean páramo. While AM dominance persisted throughout the elevational gradient in páramo, the Pyrenees displayed a slight decrease in AM with elevation and a peak in ECM at mid-elevations. In the Andes, ERM plants were most abundant at the lowest elevations. NM plants thrived at higher elevations in both regions. Across both mountain ranges, the prevalence of FM plants increased and of OM plants declined with elevation. We also explored the relationship between mycorrhizal trait distribution, productivity and plant diversity in temperate grasslands and found a positive correlation between soil fertility and the prevalence of AM symbiosis, but negative correlation with plant diversity. Our study showed that mycorrhizal trait patterns vary geographically and ecologically, and mycorrhizal symbiosis influence plant community composition and diversity along elevation and soil fertility gradients. However, the knowledge of the distribution of plant mycorrhizal traits at the level of plant community is yet too little known to draw general conclusions.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominantly mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi. The benefits of mycorrhiza to host plants include improved nutrition, protection against pathogens, herbivory resistance, and tolerance to abiotic stress factors. Plant mycorrhizal traits characterize the structure and function of plant-fungus association. We addressed the following mycorrhizal traits: plant mycorrhizal type, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (ECM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) plant species, and plant mycorrhizal status including obligately mycorrhizal (OM), facultatively mycorrhizal (FM), and non-mycorrhizal (NM) plant species. We characterized the mycorrhizal trait distribution in plant communities in the Pyrenean Mountain range and the Andean páramo. While AM dominance persisted throughout the elevational gradient in páramo, the Pyrenees displayed a slight decrease in AM with elevation and a peak in ECM at mid-elevations. In the Andes, ERM plants were most abundant at the lowest elevations. NM plants thrived at higher elevations in both regions. Across both mountain ranges, the prevalence of FM plants increased and of OM plants declined with elevation. We also explored the relationship between mycorrhizal trait distribution, productivity and plant diversity in temperate grasslands and found a positive correlation between soil fertility and the prevalence of AM symbiosis, but negative correlation with plant diversity. Our study showed that mycorrhizal trait patterns vary geographically and ecologically, and mycorrhizal symbiosis influence plant community composition and diversity along elevation and soil fertility gradients. However, the knowledge of the distribution of plant mycorrhizal traits at the level of plant community is yet too little known to draw general conclusions.
Kirjeldus
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