Action nouns in a constructional network: a corpus-based investigation of the productivity and functions of the deverbal suffix -mine in five different registers of Estonian
Kuupäev
2021-10-13
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Eesti keeles on palju tuletusliiteid, mille abil on ühelt poolt võimalik rikastada keele sõnavara, teisalt aga on need vahendid, mis aitavad meil väljendada suheldes vastavalt vajadusele mingeid olukordi ja suhteid või nende osalisi. Üheks selliseks liiteks on -mine, mis võimaldab väga reeglipärasel moel moodustada tegusõnadest nimisõnu nii, et muutub sõnaklass, ent mitte tähendus (nt Mulle meeldib, kui Anne Veski laulab –> Mulle meeldib Anne Veski laulmine). Kuna liide on nii tähenduslikult kui ka moodustuslikult nõnda regulaarne, on seda peetud ka kõige produktiivsemaks tuletusliiteks eesti keeles ning isegi tegusõna pöördevormistiku osaks. Ei ole aga sugugi selge, kas me keelt kasutades ka kogu liite potentsiaali ära kasutame ning millest see sõltub. Doktoritöö eesmärk oligi tegeliku keele kasutuse põhjal välja selgitada, kas liide on ühtmoodi produktiivne erinevates situatiivse keelekasutuse registrites (näiteks kirjutatud teaduskeeles või kõneldud spontaanses suhtluses), kui palju produktiivsem on -mine võrreldes teiste tegusõnast nimisõnu tuletavate liidetega (-us ja -ja) ning kuidas mõjutab produktiivsust see, milliste ülesannete jaoks lausetes tuletisi kasutame. Väitekiri vaatleb tuletusmalle nii morfeemipõhisest (vormilisest) kui ka skeemipõhisest (tähenduslikust) perspektiivist, kirjeldamaks tuletusmorfoloogia rolli tegelikus keelekasutuses ning käsitlemaks sõnamoodustust kui morfoloogia ja süntaksi vahele jäävat nähtust terviklikumal, konstruktsioonipõhisel moel. Töös kasutatakse keelekorpuste (sagedus)andmeid ning ühendatakse kvantitatiivne sõnatasandi produktiivsuse analüüs kvalitatiivse lausetasandi analüüsiga. Töö tulemused näitavad, et kvantitatiivsete mõõdikute abil on võimalik eesti keele tuletusliidete produktiivsust empiiriliselt võrrelda ning et eri tuletusliidete produktiivsus tõepoolest erineb oluliselt ka registriti: mine-liide on üldjuhul kõikides registrites produktiivseim, ent kõikide tuletusliidete produktiivsus näib olevat kõrgem informaalsetes registrites. Erinevused tulenevad ühelt poolt tuletusmallide struktuurilistest ja semantilistest piirangutest, teisalt aga ka pidevast väljendusvahendite vahelisest võistlusest ning erinevast pragmaatilisest nõudlusest teatud tuletisetüüpide ning kinnistunud ühendite (valimised, tegemist oli naljaga) järele eri keelekasutussituatsioonides. Samuti mängib produktiivsuse hindamisel suurt rolli see, millist kvantitatiivset mõõdikut vaadelda. Töös näidatakse ka, et eri tuletised eelistavad registrites erinevaid käändekonstruktsioone ning et morfoloogiline produktiivsus on seotud seega ka tuletiste süntaktilise kasutuskontekstiga. Põhjalikumalt analüüsitakse üht varem vähekirjeldatud süntaktilist konstruktsiooni (nt Meil on koristamist), kus mine-tuletised moodustavad lause süntaktilise ja semantilise tuuma.
There are many derivational suffixes in Estonian, which serve to enrich the vocabulary of a language but are also linguistic means helping us to express certain situations and relationships, or their participants, when there is such a need in communication. One such suffix is mine, which allows nouns to be formed from verbs in a very regular manner, so that the word class changes, but the meaning does not (e.g., Mulle meeldib, kui Anne Veski laulab ‘I like it when Anne Veski sings’ –> Mulle meeldib Anne Veski laulmine ‘I like Anne Veski’s singing’). Because the suffix is both semantically and formationally so regular, it has been considered the most productive derivational suffix in the Estonian language, and even as part of the verbal inflectional paradigm. However, it is not at all clear whether we actually use the full potential of the suffix, and on what this depends. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether the suffix is equally productive in different registers (e.g., in scientific writing or spoken spontaneous communication), how much more productive the suffix -mine is compared to other suffixes which derive nouns from verbs ( us and ja), and how productivity is affected by the functions for which we use derivations in sentences. The dissertation looks at derivational patterns from both a morpheme-based (formal) and a schema-based (semantic) perspective, in order to describe the role of derivational morphology in actual language use, and to consider word-formation as a phenomenon between morphology and syntax in a more holistic, construction-based manner. The work uses (frequency) data from language corpora and combines quantitative word-level productivity analysis with qualitative sentence-level analysis. The results show that quantitative measures can be used to empirically compare the productivity of Estonian derivation suffixes, and that this productivity does indeed differ significantly between registers: the suffix -mine is generally the most productive in all registers, but the productivity of all suffixes seems to be higher in informal registers. The differences are due, on the one hand, to the structural and semantic constraints of the derivational patterns, and on the other hand, to the constant competition between different means of expression and the different pragmatic demands for certain derivational types and fixed constructions (valimised ‘elections’, tegemist oli naljaga ‘It was a joke’) in various situations of language use. The quantitative measures considered also play an important role in the assessment of productivity. The thesis also shows that different derivatives prefer different case constructions in the registers, and that morphological productivity is thus also related to the syntactic usage context of the derivatives. One previously under-described syntactic construction (e.g., Meil oli koristamist ‘We had to clean’), in which mine-derivations form the syntactic and semantic core of the sentence, was analyzed in more detail.
There are many derivational suffixes in Estonian, which serve to enrich the vocabulary of a language but are also linguistic means helping us to express certain situations and relationships, or their participants, when there is such a need in communication. One such suffix is mine, which allows nouns to be formed from verbs in a very regular manner, so that the word class changes, but the meaning does not (e.g., Mulle meeldib, kui Anne Veski laulab ‘I like it when Anne Veski sings’ –> Mulle meeldib Anne Veski laulmine ‘I like Anne Veski’s singing’). Because the suffix is both semantically and formationally so regular, it has been considered the most productive derivational suffix in the Estonian language, and even as part of the verbal inflectional paradigm. However, it is not at all clear whether we actually use the full potential of the suffix, and on what this depends. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether the suffix is equally productive in different registers (e.g., in scientific writing or spoken spontaneous communication), how much more productive the suffix -mine is compared to other suffixes which derive nouns from verbs ( us and ja), and how productivity is affected by the functions for which we use derivations in sentences. The dissertation looks at derivational patterns from both a morpheme-based (formal) and a schema-based (semantic) perspective, in order to describe the role of derivational morphology in actual language use, and to consider word-formation as a phenomenon between morphology and syntax in a more holistic, construction-based manner. The work uses (frequency) data from language corpora and combines quantitative word-level productivity analysis with qualitative sentence-level analysis. The results show that quantitative measures can be used to empirically compare the productivity of Estonian derivation suffixes, and that this productivity does indeed differ significantly between registers: the suffix -mine is generally the most productive in all registers, but the productivity of all suffixes seems to be higher in informal registers. The differences are due, on the one hand, to the structural and semantic constraints of the derivational patterns, and on the other hand, to the constant competition between different means of expression and the different pragmatic demands for certain derivational types and fixed constructions (valimised ‘elections’, tegemist oli naljaga ‘It was a joke’) in various situations of language use. The quantitative measures considered also play an important role in the assessment of productivity. The thesis also shows that different derivatives prefer different case constructions in the registers, and that morphological productivity is thus also related to the syntactic usage context of the derivatives. One previously under-described syntactic construction (e.g., Meil oli koristamist ‘We had to clean’), in which mine-derivations form the syntactic and semantic core of the sentence, was analyzed in more detail.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
Estonian language, dialects, nouns, suffixes, derivation, word formation, morphosyntax, construction grammar, corpus linguistics