Major depression in Estonia: prevalence, associated factors, and use of health services
Kuupäev
2014-01-16
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Käesoleva töö põhieesmärgiks oli määrata depressiooni levimus Eestis, uurida kuidas seostuvad depressioon ja 12-kuu jooksul emotsionaalsete probleemide korral abi otsimine sotsiaalmajanduslike tegurite, terviseseisundi ning sotsiaalse toetuse indikaatoritega Eesti elanike ning depressiooniga isikute seas. Antud uuring oli osa Eesti Terviseuuringust 2006. Uurimisgrupi moodustasid 6105 isikut vanuses 18–84 aastat. Andmed sotsiaalmajanduslike tegurite, terviseseisundi, alkoholi kasutamise, terviseprobleemide tõttu abi otsimise, depressiooni ravi ja sotsiaalse toetuse kohta saadi Terviseuuringu struktureeritud intervjuudest. Käesoleva depressiooniepisoodi määramiseks kasutati MINI neuropsühhiaatrilist intervjuud. Käesolevas töös leiti, et depressiooni levimus Eesti elanikkonna seas on 5,6%. Madal sissetulek ja halb terviseseisund olid sotsiaalmajanduslikest ja terviseseisundi indikaatoritest kõige olulisemad depressiooniga seotud tegurid. Nii sotsiaalse toetuse strukturaalsed kui funktsionaalsed tegurid, samuti kontrollkese olid depressiooniga seotud. Emotsionaalsete probleemide tõttu otsis 12 kuu jooksul abi 4,8% Eesti elanikkonnast ja 34,1% depressiooniga isikutest. Kõige olulisemad abi otsimist ennustavad tegurid emotsionaalsete probleemide korral Eesti elanikkonnas olid käesolev ja eelnev depressiooniepisood, oluline tervisehäire ja puue. Depressiooniga isikute puhul sõltus abi otsimine depressiooni raskusastmest ja kontrollkeskmest ning interaktsioonidest emotsionaalse üksinduse, kontrollkeskme ja vanematega kontaktide sageduse vahel. Depressiooniga isikud kasutasid tervishoiuteenuseid (eelkõige erakorralise meditsiini) kuni 3 korda enam kui mitte-depressiivsed isikud. Kokkuvõttes on depressiooni levimus Eesti elanikkonna seas samas suurusjärgus varasemate levimusuuringutega, olles keskmisest vaid mõnevõrra kõrgem. Enamik Eesti elanikkonnast ja depressiooniga inimestest ei otsi abi emotsionaalsete probleemide tõttu. Meil on alust arvata, et depressiooni aladiagnostika ja ebapiisav ravi viivad tervishoiuteenuste mitte-sihipärase kasutamiseni ja põhjendamatute kulutusteni.
Main aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of major depression in Estonia and to study how depression and 12-month help-seeking for emotional problems are associated with sociodemographic, health status, and social support factors in the general population, and among depressed persons. The study was part of the Estonian Health Interview Survey 2006 (EHIS 2006). The present study included adults aged 18–84 years (N=6105). The data about sociodemographic, health status, alcohol use, help-seeking, depression treatment and social support factors were derived from the structured interviews of EHIS 2006. A major depressive episode was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The point prevalence of major depression in Estonian population was 5.6%. Low income and poor health status were most significant associates of depression among health status and sociodemographic factors. Both, structural and functional factors of social support, and locus of control were associated with depression. The prevalence of 12-month help-seeking for emotional symptoms in general population was 4.8% and in the depressed sample 34.1%. 12-month help-seeking was most significantly associated with current and previous depressive episodes, serious health disorder, and disability. Independent associates of help-seeking among depressed persons were severity of depression and locus of control. Interactions of emotional loneliness, locus of control and frequency of contacts with parents significantly predicted help-seeking in the depressed sample. Depressed people used non-mental health services 1.5–3 times more than non-depressed persons. In conclusion, the prevalence of major depression in the Estonian population is comparable with other population surveys, being a little higher than the average. Majority of general population of Estonia and depressed persons do not seek help for emotional problems. Low level of diagnosis and undertreatment leads to an increased use of expensive but non-specific health services by depressed persons.
Main aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of major depression in Estonia and to study how depression and 12-month help-seeking for emotional problems are associated with sociodemographic, health status, and social support factors in the general population, and among depressed persons. The study was part of the Estonian Health Interview Survey 2006 (EHIS 2006). The present study included adults aged 18–84 years (N=6105). The data about sociodemographic, health status, alcohol use, help-seeking, depression treatment and social support factors were derived from the structured interviews of EHIS 2006. A major depressive episode was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The point prevalence of major depression in Estonian population was 5.6%. Low income and poor health status were most significant associates of depression among health status and sociodemographic factors. Both, structural and functional factors of social support, and locus of control were associated with depression. The prevalence of 12-month help-seeking for emotional symptoms in general population was 4.8% and in the depressed sample 34.1%. 12-month help-seeking was most significantly associated with current and previous depressive episodes, serious health disorder, and disability. Independent associates of help-seeking among depressed persons were severity of depression and locus of control. Interactions of emotional loneliness, locus of control and frequency of contacts with parents significantly predicted help-seeking in the depressed sample. Depressed people used non-mental health services 1.5–3 times more than non-depressed persons. In conclusion, the prevalence of major depression in the Estonian population is comparable with other population surveys, being a little higher than the average. Majority of general population of Estonia and depressed persons do not seek help for emotional problems. Low level of diagnosis and undertreatment leads to an increased use of expensive but non-specific health services by depressed persons.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
depressioon, levimus (stat.), tervishoiuteenused, sotsiaalne toetus, terviseseisund, Eesti, depression, prevalence (statistics), health care services, social support, health status, Estonia