Pragmatic conscription: perceptions and experiences of conscripts in Estonia
Laen...
Kuupäev
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Pärast Venemaa sissetungi Ukrainasse on Euroopa riikides taas tõstatunud küsimus ajateenistuse vajalikkusest ja selle vormist, kuid küsimuseks on ajateenistuse sobitumine ajas muutunud ühiskondlike väärtustega. Liitumine NATOga tõstatas selle debati ka Eestis, kuid tulenevalt keerulisest geopoliitilisest asukohast ja väiksest rahvaarvust otsustati ajateenistus säilitada. Samas on Eesti ühiskond läbinud iseseisvusperioodil mitmeid suuri muutusi nagu digitaliseerumine, globaliseerumine ja väärtuste nihe, mistõttu pakub Eesti näide hea võimaluse uurida ajateenijate teenistuskogemuse kujunemist. Doktoritöö võtabki fookusesse, kuidas ajateenijad tõlgendavad ja tajuvad oma teenistuskogemust, kuidas kaitsevägi kui organisatsioon seda protsessi kujundab ning kuidas ühiskondlikud muutused mõjutavad ajateenistuse tähendust laiemalt.
Töö toob esile, et traditsiooniliselt ajateenistusega seonduvate motivaatorite kõrval, nagu kohusetunne riigi ees, on üha enam esile kerkimas praktiliste motiivide kogum, mille keskmes on isikliku arengu võimalused ja edasiseks eluks vajalike oskuste saamine. Ajateenistuse käigus omandatud teadmiste ja oskuste ülekantavus tsiviilellu sõltub aga suuresti ajateenijate endi oskusest neid mõtestada. Kõige olulisemaks teguriks ajateenistuse kasulikuna tajumise puhul on pereliikmete ja sõprade toetava suhtumise tajumine. Rolli mängivad ka noore vaimne vastupidavus, motivatsioon ja ettevalmistus ajateenistuseks.
Nähtub, et nii palju, kui seda kaitseväe kui organisatsiooni praktikad ja tegevuseesmärgid võimaldavad, arvestatakse ajateenijate individuaalsete eelistuste ja karjääripüüdlustega. Kuigi ühiskondlike väärtuste ja ootustega kohandumine on kaitseväe jätkusuutlikkuse tagamiseks vajalik, on oht, et teenistuse liialt paindlikuks muutmine vähendab võimalusi enese proovile panekuks ja seeläbi tekitab noortes pettumust ja vähendab motivatsiooni teenistusse panustada. Näiteks toob töö esile, et sagedased võimalused väeosast lahkuda teenivad küll eesmärki tõsta ajateenijate motivatsiooni, kuid paradoksaalsel kombel võib pidev kontakt välismaailmaga süvendada kaaslastest mahajäämuse tunnet ning tuua esile ajateenijate sotsiaalmajandusliku ebavõrdsuse, vähendades nende omavahelist sidusust.
After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the question of reinstating conscription has resurfaced in European countries. However, in the centre of the debate is how the traditional tool of conscription aligns with changed societal values. NATO accession also sparked discussions on whether Estonia should abolish it, but due to its geopolitical position and small population, the decision was made to retain it. At the same time, Estonian society has undergone significant transformations since regaining its independence, including digitalisation, globalisation, and value shifts. As a result, Estonia provides a valuable case for studying how conscripts experience their service. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation focuses on how conscripts perceive and interpret their service experience, how the military as an organisation shapes this process, and how societal changes affect the broader meaning of conscription. The thesis highlights that, alongside traditional motivators associated with conscription, such as a sense of duty, a growing set of practical motivations has emerged. These revolve around opportunities for personal development and acquiring skills necessary for future life. However, the convertibility of the competencies acquired during conscript service to civilian life largely depends on the conscripts' own ability to interpret them. The most significant factor in perceiving conscription as beneficial is family members' and friends' perceived supportive attitude. Psychological hardiness, motivation, and preparation for conscript service also play a role. As much as the military’s organisational practices and operational goals allow, individual preferences and career aspirations of conscripts are taken into account. While responding to societal values and expectations is essential for the continuity of the armed forces, there is a risk that making service highly flexible may reduce opportunities for self-development, potentially leading to disappointment and lower motivation among conscripts. For example, frequent opportunities to leave the military grounds aim to sustain motivation, but paradoxically, constant contact with the outside world may deepen the sense of falling behind peers and highlight the socioeconomic inequality among conscripts, thereby reducing their internal cohesion.
After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the question of reinstating conscription has resurfaced in European countries. However, in the centre of the debate is how the traditional tool of conscription aligns with changed societal values. NATO accession also sparked discussions on whether Estonia should abolish it, but due to its geopolitical position and small population, the decision was made to retain it. At the same time, Estonian society has undergone significant transformations since regaining its independence, including digitalisation, globalisation, and value shifts. As a result, Estonia provides a valuable case for studying how conscripts experience their service. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation focuses on how conscripts perceive and interpret their service experience, how the military as an organisation shapes this process, and how societal changes affect the broader meaning of conscription. The thesis highlights that, alongside traditional motivators associated with conscription, such as a sense of duty, a growing set of practical motivations has emerged. These revolve around opportunities for personal development and acquiring skills necessary for future life. However, the convertibility of the competencies acquired during conscript service to civilian life largely depends on the conscripts' own ability to interpret them. The most significant factor in perceiving conscription as beneficial is family members' and friends' perceived supportive attitude. Psychological hardiness, motivation, and preparation for conscript service also play a role. As much as the military’s organisational practices and operational goals allow, individual preferences and career aspirations of conscripts are taken into account. While responding to societal values and expectations is essential for the continuity of the armed forces, there is a risk that making service highly flexible may reduce opportunities for self-development, potentially leading to disappointment and lower motivation among conscripts. For example, frequent opportunities to leave the military grounds aim to sustain motivation, but paradoxically, constant contact with the outside world may deepen the sense of falling behind peers and highlight the socioeconomic inequality among conscripts, thereby reducing their internal cohesion.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
doktoritööd