The Latvian folk ornament and mythology nexus as revival: contested historical layers, visualized ideologies, and commodified creativity
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2024-11-22
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Abstract
Väitekirjas „Läti rahvapärase ornamendi ja mütoloogia neksus kui taastulemine: vaidlustatud ajaloolised kihid, visualiseeritud ideoloogiad ja kaubastatud loovus“ käsitletakse folkloristlike mõistete ja teooriatega rahvapärase ornamendi seostamist mütoloogiliste kujutelmadega. Ornamentide tänapäevaste tõlgenduste ja kasutuste kõrval neoliberaalse kapitalismi tingimustes analüüsitakse ornamendi ja mütoloogia neksuse algupära sõdadevahelises Lätis ning kunstnik Ernests Brastiņš’i (1892–1942) rolli selles. Neksuse tekitamise ja arendamise käsitlemine taastulemise võtmes võimaldab näidata, kuidas huvi ornamentide mütoloogilise tõlgendamise vastu oli poliitiliselt motiveeritud ning hõlmas rahvakultuuri elementide taaskasutust, propageerimist ja uutesse tähendusseostesse asetamist. Nõukogude perioodi ja okupatsioonirežiimi seatud piiranguid rahvapärase ornamendi tõlgendamisele vaadeldakse kunstnik Jēkabs Bīne (1895–1955) kaudu, kes saavutas enne II maailmasõda tuntuse mütoloogilistega teostega ning nägi stalinismi perioodil vaeva, et ideoloogiliselt ümber häälestuda. Samuti pälvib väitekirjas tähelepanu laulev revolutsioon, mille üheks peamiseks visuaalseks sümboliks kujunes kaheksakand. Ugunskrusts’iga seoses, mis on Läti versioon svastikast, tuleb esile vaidlustatud mälu probleemistik, sest sümboli tõlgendused ja kasutused tänases ühiskonnas korreleeruvad II maailmasõja narratiiviga kollektiivses mälus. Intervjuudele, arhiiviallikatele ja meediatekstidele põhinev väitekiri koosneb neljast teaduspublikatsioonist ja mahukast sissejuhatavast peatükist, milles avatakse uurimuse seoseid visuaalsuse ja ühiskondlike liikumiste uurimisega, sotskolonialistliku lähenemise ning mälu-uuringutega.
The dissertation “Latvian Folk Ornament and Mythology Nexus as a Revival: Contested Historical Layers, Visualized Ideologies, and Commodified Creativity” is theoretically grounded in folklore studies and explores the combination of folk ornament and mythology in Latvian culture. Besides exploring folk ornament in contemporary settings shaped by a neoliberal market economy, the dissertation analyzes the origins of the folk ornament and mythology nexus, showing it to be rooted in interwar Latvia (1918–1940) and the works of Latvian artist Ernests Brastiņš (1892–1942). As argued in the dissertation, the origins of folk ornament and mythology nexus and its further development is best approached as a folk revival characterized by a renewed, politically motivated interest in and appreciation of traditional cultural expressions, involving their rediscovery, reinterpretation, and popularization. Covering different periods in the history of Latvia, the dissertation explores the restrictions imposed on the interpretation of folk ornament by the Soviet occupation regime during the Stalinist period and how they played out in the intellectual biography of Latvian artist Jēkabs Bīne (1895–1955). Another period analyzed is the Singing Revolution (1986–1991) with the popularity of the eight-pointed star as one of the main visual symbols of the independence movement. Addressing contested topics, the dissertation explores the contemporary uses of ugunskrusts, the local variation of the swastika, and how they correlate with the interpretation of WWII in Latvian collective memory. Using ethnographic interviews, archival and media materials, the dissertation consists of four publications and an extensive introductory chapter, which contextualizes this research in the theory of visuality and social movement studies, Soviet postcolonial theory, and collective memory studies.
The dissertation “Latvian Folk Ornament and Mythology Nexus as a Revival: Contested Historical Layers, Visualized Ideologies, and Commodified Creativity” is theoretically grounded in folklore studies and explores the combination of folk ornament and mythology in Latvian culture. Besides exploring folk ornament in contemporary settings shaped by a neoliberal market economy, the dissertation analyzes the origins of the folk ornament and mythology nexus, showing it to be rooted in interwar Latvia (1918–1940) and the works of Latvian artist Ernests Brastiņš (1892–1942). As argued in the dissertation, the origins of folk ornament and mythology nexus and its further development is best approached as a folk revival characterized by a renewed, politically motivated interest in and appreciation of traditional cultural expressions, involving their rediscovery, reinterpretation, and popularization. Covering different periods in the history of Latvia, the dissertation explores the restrictions imposed on the interpretation of folk ornament by the Soviet occupation regime during the Stalinist period and how they played out in the intellectual biography of Latvian artist Jēkabs Bīne (1895–1955). Another period analyzed is the Singing Revolution (1986–1991) with the popularity of the eight-pointed star as one of the main visual symbols of the independence movement. Addressing contested topics, the dissertation explores the contemporary uses of ugunskrusts, the local variation of the swastika, and how they correlate with the interpretation of WWII in Latvian collective memory. Using ethnographic interviews, archival and media materials, the dissertation consists of four publications and an extensive introductory chapter, which contextualizes this research in the theory of visuality and social movement studies, Soviet postcolonial theory, and collective memory studies.
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