Self-determination in theory and practice: the reconfiguration of the ‘Russian’ Empire, 1914–1924
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Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
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See väitekiri analüüsib enesemääramise mõistet Esimese maailmasõja, Vene revolutsiooni ja Vene kodusõja ajal, täpsemalt aastatel 1914–1924. Kasutades ja arendades poliitilise mõtte ajaloo metoodikat, jälgib väitekiri, kuidas ja mis eesmärkidel erinevad poliitilised osapooled üleskutseid enesemääramisele kasutasid. Peamised väitekirjas tähelepanu all olevad osapooled on Venemaa liberaalreformistid (konstitutsioonilised demokraadid), bolševikud, valgete liikumine, liitlas- ja seostuvad jõud ning vähemal määral ka mitte-vene rahvuslikud liikumised näiteks Ukrainas ja Eestis. Väitekiri pöörab erilist tähelepanu poliitiliste sekkumiste vormile, nii poliitiliste osapoolte enesemääramise raamistusele (oli see õigus, põhimõte, loosung?), sealhulgas sellega kaasas käinud levinud omadussõnadele nagu „rahvuslik“, kui ka poliitiliste sekkumiste žanrile. Nende žanrite hulka kuulusid poliitiline poleemika, revolutsioonilised deklaratsioonid, iseseisvusdeklaratsioonid, põhiseadused ja rahvusvahelised lepingud. Kuigi väitekiri annab seega suurima panuse enesemääramise poliitilise mõtte ajaloo kirjandusse, eriti seoses Vene impeeriumi ümberkujundamisega, leiavad need, keda huvitab enesemääramise poliitikateooria üldiselt, väitekirja empiirilistest peatükkidest palju huvipakkuvat. Kes või mis moodustab õigustatud „enese“? Mida on sel õigus määrata? Kuidas need protsessid poliitilises praktikas konfliktide ja murrangute ajal toimivad? See väitekiri annab vastused neile küsimustele „Venemaa“ näitel aastatel 1914–1924.
This dissertation analyses the concept of self-determination during the First World War, the Russian Revolution, and the Russian Civil War, specifically between the years of 1914 and 1924. Utilising and developing a methodology from the history of political thought, the dissertation traces the usages and purposes of invocations of self-determination from various political agents. The main agents scrutinised in the dissertation are Russian liberal-reformists (the Constitutional Democrats), the Bolsheviks, the White Movement, the Allied and Associated Powers, and, to a lesser extent, the non-Russian national movements of, for example, Ukraine and Estonia. The dissertation pays particular attention to the form of political interventions, both in terms of how political agents framed self-determination (was it a right, a principle, a slogan?), including its common adjacent adjectives such as ‘national’, and in terms of the genre of political interventions. These genres included political polemics, revolutionary declarations, declarations of independence, constitutions, and international treaties. While the dissertation therefore contributes most to the literature on the history of political thought of self-determination, particularly as it pertains to the reconfiguration of the Russian Empire, those interested in the political theory of self-determination in general will find much of interest here within the empirical chapters of the dissertation. Who or what constitutes a valid self? What is it entitled to determine? How do these processes play out in political practice during a time of conflict and upheaval? This dissertation provides answers to these questions in the case of ‘Russia’ between 1914 and 1924.
This dissertation analyses the concept of self-determination during the First World War, the Russian Revolution, and the Russian Civil War, specifically between the years of 1914 and 1924. Utilising and developing a methodology from the history of political thought, the dissertation traces the usages and purposes of invocations of self-determination from various political agents. The main agents scrutinised in the dissertation are Russian liberal-reformists (the Constitutional Democrats), the Bolsheviks, the White Movement, the Allied and Associated Powers, and, to a lesser extent, the non-Russian national movements of, for example, Ukraine and Estonia. The dissertation pays particular attention to the form of political interventions, both in terms of how political agents framed self-determination (was it a right, a principle, a slogan?), including its common adjacent adjectives such as ‘national’, and in terms of the genre of political interventions. These genres included political polemics, revolutionary declarations, declarations of independence, constitutions, and international treaties. While the dissertation therefore contributes most to the literature on the history of political thought of self-determination, particularly as it pertains to the reconfiguration of the Russian Empire, those interested in the political theory of self-determination in general will find much of interest here within the empirical chapters of the dissertation. Who or what constitutes a valid self? What is it entitled to determine? How do these processes play out in political practice during a time of conflict and upheaval? This dissertation provides answers to these questions in the case of ‘Russia’ between 1914 and 1924.
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