Biochemical characterization of Irc3 helicase
Kuupäev
2023-08-24
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
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Abstrakt
Mitokondril, raku organellil, mis on peamiselt tuntud raku energia tootmise eest, on märkimisväärne omadus – eraldiseisva ja autonoomse genoomi olemasolu. Kui see genoom kahjustub või kaob, põhjustab see tavaliselt kohutavaid tagajärgi, mis ulatuvad haigustest kuni surmani. Teadlased on sageli kasutanud pagaripärmi Saccharomyces cerevisia selleks, et uurida kuidas rakud säilitavad oma mitokondriaalset DNA-d. See pärm on ideaalne mudel mitokondrit mõjutavate mutatsioonide uurimiseks, sest ta on võimeline ellu jääma ilma toimiva mitokondriaalse genoomita, mis tavaliselt põhjustab keerulisemates organismides surma. Pärmi mitokondris on palju erinevaid valke, mis osalevad mitokondriaalse genoomi säilimises. Nende seas on üks oluline klass valke, mida nimetatakse helikaasideks. Helikaasid on ensüümid, mis töötavad nagu väikesed mootorid kasutades ATP energiat DNA ja RNA molekulide peal roomamiseks ja nende ümberkorraldamiseks.
Üks pärmi mitokondris leitud helikaasidest, Irc3, on meie erilist tähelepanu pälvinud. Irc3 tüüpi valgud esinevad erinevates pärmi liikides, kuid mitte teistes organismides. Termotolerantsest pärmist Ogataea polymorpha pärinev Irc3 võib toimida suhteliselt kõrgetel temperatuuridel, mis on helikaaside puhul haruldane omadus. Lisaks interakteerub Irc3 nii DNA kui ka RNA molekulitega, mis on samuti suhteliselt haruldane omadus helikaaside seas.
Irc3 uurimine seob tema rolli mitokondriaalse genoomi säilitamisega ja viimastes uuringutes on seda seostatud ka RNA helikaasi funktsioonide täitmisega valgu molekuli sünteesi käigus. Lisaks viitavad Irc3 haruldased biokeemilised omadused potentsiaalsele rollile pärmi DNA ja RNA metabolismide sünkroniseerimisel. Lisaks oma fundamentaalsele tähtsusele selles osas kuidas pärmi mitokondrid säilitavad oma geneetilist materjali, võivad antud uuringu tulemused tulevikus pakkuda ka uusi sihtmärke ravimite arendamiseks.
Mitochondria, essential organelles responsible for most cellular energy production, possess a notable feature – they harbor a distinct and autonomous genome. If this genome becomes damaged or lost, it can lead to devastating conditions, ranging from illnesses to death. Scientists often use the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study how cells preserve their mitochondrial DNA. This yeast can survive without a functional mitochondrial genome, making it an ideal model to explore mutations that lead to death in more complex organisms. Within the confines of yeast mitochondria, many proteins participate in the preservation of the mitochondrial genome. One essential class of these proteins are helicases, enzymes that act like tiny machines, using ATP energy to crawl on and rearrange DNA and RNA molecules. One helicase found in yeast mitochondria, Irc3, has caught our attention. Irc3 is present in various yeasts but not in other organisms. Irc3 from a thermotolerant yeast called Ogataea polymorpha can function at relatively high temperatures, a desirable and rare trait in helicases. Additionally, this helicase interacts with both DNA and RNA, with a preference for working with DNA. The property of being stimulated by both DNA and RNA molecules is not common for other helicases. Our studies of Irc3 revealed its role in maintaining the mitochondrial genome, and in a recent report, it has been associated with performing the functions of an RNA helicase during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Furthermore, distinctive attributes of Irc3 suggest a potential role in tying together the yeast DNA and RNA metabolism. Beyond the fundamental significance of the study that helps to understand the role of Irc3 in the maintenance of mitochondrial genetic material, it may present new prospects for drug discovery in the future.
Mitochondria, essential organelles responsible for most cellular energy production, possess a notable feature – they harbor a distinct and autonomous genome. If this genome becomes damaged or lost, it can lead to devastating conditions, ranging from illnesses to death. Scientists often use the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study how cells preserve their mitochondrial DNA. This yeast can survive without a functional mitochondrial genome, making it an ideal model to explore mutations that lead to death in more complex organisms. Within the confines of yeast mitochondria, many proteins participate in the preservation of the mitochondrial genome. One essential class of these proteins are helicases, enzymes that act like tiny machines, using ATP energy to crawl on and rearrange DNA and RNA molecules. One helicase found in yeast mitochondria, Irc3, has caught our attention. Irc3 is present in various yeasts but not in other organisms. Irc3 from a thermotolerant yeast called Ogataea polymorpha can function at relatively high temperatures, a desirable and rare trait in helicases. Additionally, this helicase interacts with both DNA and RNA, with a preference for working with DNA. The property of being stimulated by both DNA and RNA molecules is not common for other helicases. Our studies of Irc3 revealed its role in maintaining the mitochondrial genome, and in a recent report, it has been associated with performing the functions of an RNA helicase during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Furthermore, distinctive attributes of Irc3 suggest a potential role in tying together the yeast DNA and RNA metabolism. Beyond the fundamental significance of the study that helps to understand the role of Irc3 in the maintenance of mitochondrial genetic material, it may present new prospects for drug discovery in the future.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
helicases, mitochondrial DNA, yeasts, biochemical aspects