Impact of thyroid disease and surgery on patient’s quality of voice and swallowing
Kuupäev
2023-02-27
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Kilpnäärme talitlushäired on ühed sagedasemad endokriinhaigused, mis vajavad kirurgilist sekkumist. Hääle- ja neelamishäired on laialt levinud tüsistused, mida võib seostada nii kilpnäärmehaiguste enda kui ka nende operatiivse raviga. Seoses kilpnäärme paiknemisega kõrinärvide vahetus läheduses, seostatakse antud sümptomaatikat enamasti operatsioonijärgsest närvikahjustusest tingitud muutustega. Tegelikkuses võivad sarnaseid kaebuseid anda ka operatsioonipiirkonna turse, verevalum, valu, narkoosi ajal kasutatava intubatsioonitoru põhjustatud kahjustus, kõri-neelu reflukshaigus vms. On leitud ka, et kuni 76% patsientidest on juba kilpnäärme operatsiooni eelselt probleeme häälekvaliteedi ja neelamisega.
Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärk oli hinnata kilpnäärme operatsiooni eelset ja järgset hääle- ja neelamiskvaliteeti ning dünaamilisi muutuseid operatsioonijärgses perioodis. Uuringu tulemustest selgus, et kilpnäärmehaigustest tingitud muutused kõri piirkonnas ei mõjuta oluliselt patsiendi häälekvaliteeti, küll aga põhjustavad muutuseid neelamisfunktsioonis. Lisaks leidsime viited suurenenud kilpnäärme võimalikule rollile kõri-neelu reflukshaiguse ägenemises. Seevastu operatsioonijärgselt leidsime hääle- ja neelamiskvaliteedi languse nii kõrinärvide kahjustuseta kui -kahjustusega patsientidel. Enam väljendunud ja pikema kestvusega on muutused püsiva häälepaela halvatusega patsientidel. Sõltumata operatsioonijärgse vigastuse olemasolust, paranesid nii hääle- kui neelamiskvaliteet 12-18-kuulise jälgimisaja lõpuks operatsioonieelsele tasemele nii kõrinärvide kahjustusega kui kahjustuseta patsientidel. Sealjuures kõrinärvide vigastuseta patsientidel täheldasime neelamisfunktsioonis isegi märkimisväärset paranemist võrreldes operatsioonieelse seisuga. Operatsioonijärgse kõrinärvi kahjustuse riskifaktoriks on suur kilpnäärme mass. Intubatsioonitoru põhjustatud kahjustus ei mängi hääle- ja neelamishäirete tekkes olulist rolli.
Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine disorders requiring surgical treatment. Voice and swallowing disturbances are well-known complications of both thyroid disease and surgery. Due to the close proximity of the laryngeal nerves, the most severe voice and swallowing problems are considered to be caused by postoperative nerve injury. However, other possible causes of voice and swallowing disturbances after thyroid surgery involve soft tissue edema, hematoma, localized neck pain, intubation tube induced tissue damage, laryngopharyngeal reflux disease etc. Previous studies have described alterations in voice and swallowing quality already in preoperative thyroid patients in up to 76% of cases. The goal of the present PhD thesis was to evaluate pre- and postoperative voice and swallowing disorders in thyroid patients and to identify dynamic changes during postoperative period. Analysis revealed that changes in the laryngeal area caused by thyroid disorders do not impact patient’s voice but do cause marked disturbances in swallowing quality. In addition, we found a possible role of the enlarged gland in the aggravation of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in thyroid patients. However, postoperatively we detected deterioration in voice and swallowing quality irrespective of laryngeal nerve injury. More profound impairment is observed in the patient group with permanent paralysis. Regardless of postoperative laryngeal nerve injury, both voice and swallowing quality recovered to preoperative values by the end of 12-18-month follow-up period. Furthermore, in patients without laryngeal nerve injury, swallowing function improves following thyroid surgery. We found large thyroid mass to be a risk factor for postoperative laryngeal nerve injury. However, general anesthesia played no substantial role on postoperative voice and swallowing disturbances.
Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine disorders requiring surgical treatment. Voice and swallowing disturbances are well-known complications of both thyroid disease and surgery. Due to the close proximity of the laryngeal nerves, the most severe voice and swallowing problems are considered to be caused by postoperative nerve injury. However, other possible causes of voice and swallowing disturbances after thyroid surgery involve soft tissue edema, hematoma, localized neck pain, intubation tube induced tissue damage, laryngopharyngeal reflux disease etc. Previous studies have described alterations in voice and swallowing quality already in preoperative thyroid patients in up to 76% of cases. The goal of the present PhD thesis was to evaluate pre- and postoperative voice and swallowing disorders in thyroid patients and to identify dynamic changes during postoperative period. Analysis revealed that changes in the laryngeal area caused by thyroid disorders do not impact patient’s voice but do cause marked disturbances in swallowing quality. In addition, we found a possible role of the enlarged gland in the aggravation of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in thyroid patients. However, postoperatively we detected deterioration in voice and swallowing quality irrespective of laryngeal nerve injury. More profound impairment is observed in the patient group with permanent paralysis. Regardless of postoperative laryngeal nerve injury, both voice and swallowing quality recovered to preoperative values by the end of 12-18-month follow-up period. Furthermore, in patients without laryngeal nerve injury, swallowing function improves following thyroid surgery. We found large thyroid mass to be a risk factor for postoperative laryngeal nerve injury. However, general anesthesia played no substantial role on postoperative voice and swallowing disturbances.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
thyroid diseases, surgery, phonation disorders, dysphagia