Transgressioon ja transgressiivsuse poeetika eesti nüüdiskirjanduses
Date
2021-12-15
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Abstract
Keelud ja piirangud on kaasaja inimkogemust painav globaalne probleem. Sotsiaalsete normide muutumine iseloomustas sajandivahetuse ühiskonnaelu, kuid on aktuaalne ka praeguste poliitiliste, tehnoloogiliste ja esteetiliste arengute kontekstis. Ühiskonnas ja kunstis esinevat ambivalentset suhet piiridesse ja normidesse käsitletakse antud töös transgressiooni mõiste kaudu. Transgressioon on sotsiaalsete või kultuuriliste keeldude rikkumine, lubatu või sündsa piiridest üleastumine. Väitekirja sissejuhatuses tutvustatakse transgressiooni teoreetilist ja kultuuriajaloolist konteksti (tabu, patt, sotsiaalne norm), peatutakse kunstilise sõnakasutuse ja seaduse kokkupuutel ning ilusa ja inetu suhtetel. Töö teises osas analüüsitakse transgressiivsuse poeetikat eesti nüüdiskirjanduses. Probleemiasetus lähtub taasiseseisvusaja eesti kirjanduses asetleidnud muutustest, mille ühe tunnusena nähti varemalt eesti kirjandust määratlenud seksuaalse, poliitilise ja religioosse tabu kadumist. Nõnda domineerivad alates 1990. aastatest mitmete autorite (Kaur Kender, Peeter Sauter, Kivisildnik jt) loomingus sotsiaalse tegelikuse kujutamisel teemad nagu pornograafia, sõltuvuskäitumine, vägivald ja usurüvetus, poliitiliselt provokatiivne käitumine, hullumeelsus, enesetapp jne. Need on kultuuris mahavaikitud või keeldudega reguleeritud nähtused, mistõttu nende kasutamine kunstiteose ainesena tõstatab üldisemaid küsimusi kunsti moraalsusest ja esteetika piiride ületamisest. Töös analüüsitakse transgressiivse nüüdiskirjanduse kirjanduse väljendusvahendeid ja keeleprobleemi, aga samuti keelust üleastumise sotsiaalseid tähendusi ja kujundiloome eripära. Neid eesmärke arvestades on väitekiri omalaadne pikaks veninud kaitsekõne reeglite rikkumist kujutavale kirjandusele ja kunstile, mida vaatamata vastuolulistele reaktsioonidele võiks kontekstiteadlikumalt mõtestada ja heatahtlikumalt lugeda.
Restrictions and prohibitions are global problems vexing on modern human experience. While the change of social norms was particularly felt with the turn of the twentieth century, it is equally important today in the context of political, technological, and aesthetical developments. The ambivalent relationship to restrictions and norms underlying society and art is being examined in this dissertation via concept of transgression. Transgression is a violation of social or cultural bans; it means going beyond what is deemed socially acceptable or decent. In the introduction, the author highlights the theoretical and socio-historical context of transgression (taboo, sin, social norm), examines the tensioned relationship between artistic language-use and the law, and relations of beautiful and ugly. The second part of the dissertation analyses the poetics of transgression in contemporary Estonian fiction. The problematic focus stems from the changes in Estonian literature after the Estonian Restoration of Independence, which marked the disappearance of former sexual, political, and religious taboos. Accordingly, since the 1990s, several prominent Estonian authors (Kaur Kender, Peeter Sauter, Kivisildnik) feature topics like pornography, addictive behaviour, violence and blasphemy, politically provocative behaviour, insanity, and suicide in describing the social reality in their oeuvre. Since such themes are culturally suppressed, or subject for bans and regulations, exploiting them in works of art raises more general questions regarding the morality of art and overstepping of aesthetic boundaries. The dissertation also analyses expressive means and linguistic peculiarities of contemporary transgressive fiction as well as various social meanings of violating bans and peculiarities of image creation. Given these goals, the dissertation may read as a kind of long plea to the literature and art, which dares to deal with violation of bans and norms. However, despite the necessary ambivalent and controversial reactions, the author urges the reader to give sense to these matters in a wider contextual framework and in a more kind-hearted fashion.
Restrictions and prohibitions are global problems vexing on modern human experience. While the change of social norms was particularly felt with the turn of the twentieth century, it is equally important today in the context of political, technological, and aesthetical developments. The ambivalent relationship to restrictions and norms underlying society and art is being examined in this dissertation via concept of transgression. Transgression is a violation of social or cultural bans; it means going beyond what is deemed socially acceptable or decent. In the introduction, the author highlights the theoretical and socio-historical context of transgression (taboo, sin, social norm), examines the tensioned relationship between artistic language-use and the law, and relations of beautiful and ugly. The second part of the dissertation analyses the poetics of transgression in contemporary Estonian fiction. The problematic focus stems from the changes in Estonian literature after the Estonian Restoration of Independence, which marked the disappearance of former sexual, political, and religious taboos. Accordingly, since the 1990s, several prominent Estonian authors (Kaur Kender, Peeter Sauter, Kivisildnik) feature topics like pornography, addictive behaviour, violence and blasphemy, politically provocative behaviour, insanity, and suicide in describing the social reality in their oeuvre. Since such themes are culturally suppressed, or subject for bans and regulations, exploiting them in works of art raises more general questions regarding the morality of art and overstepping of aesthetic boundaries. The dissertation also analyses expressive means and linguistic peculiarities of contemporary transgressive fiction as well as various social meanings of violating bans and peculiarities of image creation. Given these goals, the dissertation may read as a kind of long plea to the literature and art, which dares to deal with violation of bans and norms. However, despite the necessary ambivalent and controversial reactions, the author urges the reader to give sense to these matters in a wider contextual framework and in a more kind-hearted fashion.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
poetics, fiction, Estonia, beginning of the 21st century, interdisciplinary research