Rahvusvaheliste suhete ja regiooni uuringute õppekava magistritööd – Master´s theses

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttps://hdl.handle.net/10062/56853

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To deter or not to deter? Understanding the A7 & NATO’s choice for deterrence in the Arctic
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Padrón Salinas, Belén; Linsenmaier, Thomas, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Deterrence is is a strategy aimed at preventing adversaries from taking unwanted actions by threatening credible consequences. This security practice is well-rehearsed by NATO, but conducting deterrence in the Arctic’s international waters presents a series of questions regarding rational calculations that makes this choice puzzling. This thesis examines the logic behind choosing deterrence in the Arctic post-2022, amidst rising tensions between NATO and Russia, exploring the ritual features of NATO's deterrent discourse. Through Mälksoo’s ritual approach and conducting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the thesis scrutinises the A7 and NATO’s deterrence discourse, particularly focusing on speech acts and their role in generating ontological security and identity. The analysis intersects the ritual approach with critical studies to reveal ritual-like features in NATO's deterrence discourse, characterised by ambiguity, repetition, the underscore of symbolic values, and a lack of specific delineation of red-lines and interests. The thesis concludes that the choice of deterrence in the Arctic post-2022 can be explained to the extent that ritual discourse produces ontological security. Ritual deterrence discourse is pivotal in addressing ontological insecurity among Arctic nations, fostering stability and identity alignment within the alliance, and reinforcing the identity of the A7 by aligning with NATO’s stance. This study emphasises the necessity for clearer messaging, defining specific target audiences and adversaries, and establishing explicit boundaries to mitigate ambiguity. Furthermore, future research should explore the interplay between physical security concerns and deterrence strategies, offering insights into reflexive decision-making and alternative approaches to security challenges.
Voices of the Arctic: understanding Indigenous securitising moves in the Willow Project, ANWR leases, and the Gállok/Kallak mine
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Jamerson, Lindsay; Pääbo, Heiko, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
In the last two decades, the Arctic has experienced an increase in extractive industry projects. The resource extraction, motivated by the need for green energy transitions and made easier by global warming, has significantly impacted the security of Indigenous populations occupying their ancestral territory in the Arctic. The Iñupiat, Gwich’in, and Swedish Sami are all actively affected by extractive industry projects in their regions. The Willow Project, the ANWR Leasing Scheme, and the Gállok/Kallak mine, respectively, have become a flashpoint for environmental and political debate and have brought Indigenous perspectives to the forefront of public discourse. This research aimed to determine how Indigenous nations securitised extractive projects and what effect the securitised had on the project’s approval. Using securitisation theory, the speech acts of Indigenous security actors from the three Indigenous nations were collected and analysed to determine if Indigenous security, while using the language of human security, voices the threat of either ontological or societal insecurity. The findings indicate that Indigenous nations construct security threats as ontological or societal threats based on their political and cultural standing but justify the threat at the human security level.

Sirvi

Sirvi Rahvusvaheliste suhete ja regiooni uuringute õppekava magistritööd – Master´s theses Märksõna "Arktika" järgi