Factors influencing women’s sexual health and reproductive choices in Estonia
Kuupäev
2015-07-06
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon defineerib seksuaaltervist täieliku kehalise, emotsionaalse, vaimse ja sotsiaalse heaolu seisundina, mis on seotud seksuaalsusega. Seksuaaltervis on igale inimesele oluline läbi kogu tema elukaare, kuid mõjutab pikaajaliselt kogu ühiskonna sotsiaalmajanduslikku toimetulekut. Maailmas moodustavad seksuaaltervisega seotud probleemid kolmandiku viljakas eas naiste enneaegse haigestumuse ja suremuse põhjustest. Eestis, kus raseduse ja sünnitusega seotud madal haigestumus on maailma parimate riikide tasemel, rasestumisvastased meetodid, kooli seksuaalharidus ja seksuaaltervise teenused on hästi kättesaadavad, tulenevad naiste seksuaaltervisega seotud probleemid peamiselt sotsiaalsest ja soolisest ebavõrdsusest.
Uurimistöö eesmärk oli saada lisatõendust Eesti naiste seksuaaltervist ja reproduktiivseid valikud mõjutavate tegurite kohta: analüüsida soovimatuid rasedusi ja neist hoidumist ning paarisuhtevägivalda. Uurimistöö põhineb Eesti Abordiregistri andmete analüüsil ja rahvastikupõhisel läbilõikelisel küsitlusuuringul.
Viimasel kahel kümnendil on toimunud abortiivsuskordajate pidev langus, eriti märkimisväärne on see olnud nooremate naiste hulgas. Kordusabortide tase näitab langustrendi kõigis sotsiaalmajanduslikes rühmades, kuid jääb kõrgemaks mitte-Eesti emakeelega rahvastikus. Samas, silmapaistvalt suur osa naistest, kes ei soovi rasedust, kasutab selle vältimiseks ebatõhusaid rasestumisvastaseid meetodeid: Eesti emakeelega vastajatest ei kasutanud üldse või kasutas ebatõhusaid rasestumisvastaseid meetodeid 27,3% ja mitte-eesti emakeelega vastajatest 39,8%. Ebatõhusa kontratseptsiooni kasutamisega ning soovimatute raseduste riskiga on seotud paarisuhtevägivald. Selle levimus Eestis on väga kõrge – 18,4% naistest olid kogenud kehalist või seksuaalset paarisuhtevägivalda uuringule eelnenud aasta jooksul.
Lähtudes uurimistöö andmetest tuleb positiivsete suundumuste jätkumiseks ja seksuaaltervise parandamiseks Eestis edendada nõustamist soovimatute raseduste vältimiseks, pöörata tähelepanu mitte-eesti emakeelega naiste vajadustele, töötada välja strateegia ja tegevusjuhendid paarisuhtevägivalla käsitlemiseks tervishoiusüsteemis.
The World Health Organization defines sexual health as a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. Sexual health is a core element of the health of individuals throughout the life course, but also has profound long-term consequences on the socioeconomic development of societies. For women of reproductive age, one third of the total global burden of premature death and disease is due to sexual ill health. In Estonia, where maternal morbidity rates are among the world's lowest, school sexuality education, sexual health services and contraception are easily accessible, the sexual ill-health burden is often related to social and gender-based inequality. The overall aim of this research was to provide evidence on factors influencing women's sexual health and reproductive choices in Estonia, analysing unintended pregnancies, contraception use, and intimate partner violence. The research was based on data from the Estonian Abortion Registry and a population-based cross-sectional survey. Estonia has experienced a remarkable decline in the number of induced abortions, mainly attributed by younger cohorts, during the last two decades. The high proportion of repeat abortion is showing a declining trend across all the sociodemographic groups, however, the proportion of unintended pregnancies ending in an abortion was higher among non-Estonians. The prevalence of use of unreliable contraception among women who do not want to get pregnant is high: among Estonians 27.3% and among non-Estonians 39.9% of these women did not use any, or used an unreliable contraceptive method. Intimate partner violence, associated with adverse sexual health outcomes, i.e. unintended pregnancies and unreliable contraceptive practices, is very common in Estonia – 18.4 % of women were exposed to physical or sexual violence during the year before the survey. According to our findings, in order to continue the positive trends and decrease the burden of sexual ill-health, there is a need to improve contraceptive counselling, especially addressing the needs of the Russian ethnic group to avoid unintended pregnancies and to develop and implement a strategy and guidelines for dealing with intimate partner violence in the health care system in Estonia.
The World Health Organization defines sexual health as a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. Sexual health is a core element of the health of individuals throughout the life course, but also has profound long-term consequences on the socioeconomic development of societies. For women of reproductive age, one third of the total global burden of premature death and disease is due to sexual ill health. In Estonia, where maternal morbidity rates are among the world's lowest, school sexuality education, sexual health services and contraception are easily accessible, the sexual ill-health burden is often related to social and gender-based inequality. The overall aim of this research was to provide evidence on factors influencing women's sexual health and reproductive choices in Estonia, analysing unintended pregnancies, contraception use, and intimate partner violence. The research was based on data from the Estonian Abortion Registry and a population-based cross-sectional survey. Estonia has experienced a remarkable decline in the number of induced abortions, mainly attributed by younger cohorts, during the last two decades. The high proportion of repeat abortion is showing a declining trend across all the sociodemographic groups, however, the proportion of unintended pregnancies ending in an abortion was higher among non-Estonians. The prevalence of use of unreliable contraception among women who do not want to get pregnant is high: among Estonians 27.3% and among non-Estonians 39.9% of these women did not use any, or used an unreliable contraceptive method. Intimate partner violence, associated with adverse sexual health outcomes, i.e. unintended pregnancies and unreliable contraceptive practices, is very common in Estonia – 18.4 % of women were exposed to physical or sexual violence during the year before the survey. According to our findings, in order to continue the positive trends and decrease the burden of sexual ill-health, there is a need to improve contraceptive counselling, especially addressing the needs of the Russian ethnic group to avoid unintended pregnancies and to develop and implement a strategy and guidelines for dealing with intimate partner violence in the health care system in Estonia.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
naised, tervis, seksuaalkäitumine, seksuaaltervishoid, reproduktiivtervis, tervishoiuteenused, tervisekäitumine, perevägivald, küsitlusuuringud, Eesti, women, health, sexual behaviour, sexual health, reproductive health, health care services, health behaviour, domestic violence, surveys, Estonia