Associations between body composition, mobility and blood inflammatory biomarkers with physical activity in healthy older women
Date
2019-09-16
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Abstract
Vananemine on protsess, millega kaasnevad mitmed muutused organismis: väheneb lihasmass, luumass ja lihasjõud, suureneb rasvamassi osakaal ning suureneb tõenäosus haigestuda erinevatesse kroonilistesse haigustesse. Lisaks võib neid muutusi seostada ka kehalise aktiivsusega, mis tavaliselt väheneb vananedes. Vananemisega kaasnevate muutuste tulemusena võib väheneda vanemaealiste võimekus iseseisvaks toimetulekuks igapäevastes tegevustes. Ehkki ei ole võimalik vältida vananemist ning ära hoida vananemisega kaasnevaid negatiivseid muutusi võib kehaline aktiivsus olla üheks võimalikuks viisiks vähendada inaktiivse eluviisi negatiivseid ilmingud hilisemas elus.
Antud doktoritöö eesmärk oli välja selgitada seosed keha koostise, mobiilsuse ja vere biokeemiliste näitajate ning kehalise aktiivsuse vahel vanemaealistel naistel. Uuringus osales kokku 113 vanemaealist naist kes jagati gruppidesse vastavalt kehalise aktiivsuse intensiivsusele ning kestusele. Võrreldi keha koostise, mobiilsuse ning vere biokeemilisi näitajaid erineva kehalise aktiivsusega vanemaealistel naistel ning uuriti vastavate näitajate seoseid kehalise aktiivsusega.
Uuringu tulemusena selgus, et pikaajaliselt treeninud vanemaealistel naistel on paremad keha koostise ja mobiilsuse näitajad ning suuremad lihasjõu näitajad võrreldes mittetreenitud vanemaealiste naistega. Lisaks leiti, et mõõduka ja tugeva intensiivsusega kehaline aktiivsus on seotud paremate mobiilsuse ning keha koostise näitajatega. Seejuures ei seostunud kerge intensiivsusega kehaline aktiivsus keha koostise ega mobiilsuse näitajatega. Vere biokeemilistest näitajatest seostus resistiini kontsentratsioon veres sammude arvuga päevas ja seega võib kehalist aktiivsust seostada tervislikuma resistiini kontsentratsiooniga. Regulaarne mõõduka ja tugeva intensiivsusega kehaline aktiivsus võib olla oluline vanemaealistele naistele säilitamaks keha koostise ning mobiilsuse näitajaid, mis on vajalikud iseseisvuse säilitamiseks hilisemas eas.
Aging is characterized by multiple changes in an organism. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, increased share of fat mass, decline in bone mineral density and prevalence of chronic diseases are all in some extent connected to aging. As a result of aging-related changes older adults may experience loss of independence in later life. One factor affecting those changes could be decreased commitment in everyday physical activity, which commonly decreases with aging. Although it is not possible to prevent aging as such, physical activity may counteract at some level of aging adverse physiological consequences and minimize the effect of an otherwise sedentary lifestyle. The main aim of the thesis was to determine relationships between body composition, mobility and blood biomarker indices with physical activity among older women. In total, 133 older women volunteered to participate. Study participants were allocated into groups according to objectively assessed physical activity intensity and duration. Body composition, mobility and blood biomarker indices were studied between groups and also relationships with physical activity were studied. Regularly exercising older women had better body composition, muscle strength and better results in mobility indices compared to inactive older women. In addition, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with better body composition and mobility parameters, while light physical activity is not related to any measured body composition nor mobility parameters among older women. In addition, negative association between resistin concentration and steps per day was found, concluding that physical activity may be associated with more favourable serum resistin concentration. Accordingly, healthy older women could benefit from moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to maintain body composition and mobility parameters to preserve independence in later life.
Aging is characterized by multiple changes in an organism. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, increased share of fat mass, decline in bone mineral density and prevalence of chronic diseases are all in some extent connected to aging. As a result of aging-related changes older adults may experience loss of independence in later life. One factor affecting those changes could be decreased commitment in everyday physical activity, which commonly decreases with aging. Although it is not possible to prevent aging as such, physical activity may counteract at some level of aging adverse physiological consequences and minimize the effect of an otherwise sedentary lifestyle. The main aim of the thesis was to determine relationships between body composition, mobility and blood biomarker indices with physical activity among older women. In total, 133 older women volunteered to participate. Study participants were allocated into groups according to objectively assessed physical activity intensity and duration. Body composition, mobility and blood biomarker indices were studied between groups and also relationships with physical activity were studied. Regularly exercising older women had better body composition, muscle strength and better results in mobility indices compared to inactive older women. In addition, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with better body composition and mobility parameters, while light physical activity is not related to any measured body composition nor mobility parameters among older women. In addition, negative association between resistin concentration and steps per day was found, concluding that physical activity may be associated with more favourable serum resistin concentration. Accordingly, healthy older women could benefit from moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to maintain body composition and mobility parameters to preserve independence in later life.
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Keywords
vananemine (biol.), naised, vanemaealised, füüsiline aktiivsus, lihasjõud, keha koostis, peptiidhormoonid, biomarkerid